Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the DSM-5 diagnosis that includes disorders previously categorized as different types of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)?
What is the DSM-5 diagnosis that includes disorders previously categorized as different types of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)?
- Asperger disorder
- Rett disorder
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (correct)
- Childhood disintegrative disorder
What is the ratio of prevalence between boys and girls for ASD?
What is the ratio of prevalence between boys and girls for ASD?
- Almost five times more prevalent in boys than in girls (correct)
- Equal in boys and girls
- Twice as prevalent in boys than in girls
- Ten times more prevalent in boys than in girls
At what age is ASD usually identified?
At what age is ASD usually identified?
- By 18 months and no later than 3 years of age (correct)
- By 10 years of age
- By 15 years of age
- By 5 years of age
What are the main deficits in children with ASD?
What are the main deficits in children with ASD?
What change in the DSM-5 helps eliminate problems related to distinguishing among similar disorders?
What change in the DSM-5 helps eliminate problems related to distinguishing among similar disorders?
What is the characteristic ratio of prevalence between boys and girls for ASD?
What is the characteristic ratio of prevalence between boys and girls for ASD?
What are the main characteristics of ASD, as mentioned in the text?
What are the main characteristics of ASD, as mentioned in the text?
Which disorder involves the inability to observe social 'rules' of conversation and deficits in applying context to conversation?
Which disorder involves the inability to observe social 'rules' of conversation and deficits in applying context to conversation?
Which disorder is often associated with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder?
Which disorder is often associated with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder?
Which disorder is characterized by repeated voiding of urine during the day or at night into clothing or bed by a child at least 5 years of age?
Which disorder is characterized by repeated voiding of urine during the day or at night into clothing or bed by a child at least 5 years of age?
Which disorder involves the repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places by a child who is at least 4 years of age?
Which disorder involves the repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places by a child who is at least 4 years of age?
Which disorder is associated with a disruptive behavior disorder when intentional?
Which disorder is associated with a disruptive behavior disorder when intentional?
Which syndrome includes daydreaming, trouble focusing and paying attention, mental fogginess, staring, sleepiness, and slowness in finishing tasks?
Which syndrome includes daydreaming, trouble focusing and paying attention, mental fogginess, staring, sleepiness, and slowness in finishing tasks?
Which disorder is related to involuntary passage of feces often associated with constipation for psychological, not medical, reasons?
Which disorder is related to involuntary passage of feces often associated with constipation for psychological, not medical, reasons?
Which disorder is treated effectively with imipramine (Tofranil), an antidepressant with a side effect of urinary retention?
Which disorder is treated effectively with imipramine (Tofranil), an antidepressant with a side effect of urinary retention?
Which disorder is more common in boys than in girls, with 1% of all 5-year-olds having it?
Which disorder is more common in boys than in girls, with 1% of all 5-year-olds having it?
What percentage of autism cases show normal growth until 2-3 years when regression begins?
What percentage of autism cases show normal growth until 2-3 years when regression begins?
Which behavior is common in severe cases of autism?
Which behavior is common in severe cases of autism?
What is the current prevalence of autism among children in the United States?
What is the current prevalence of autism among children in the United States?
What is the preferred approach for treating children with autism?
What is the preferred approach for treating children with autism?
What is the genetic link to autism?
What is the genetic link to autism?
What is the controversial relationship mentioned in the text?
What is the controversial relationship mentioned in the text?
What type of therapy is associated with more favorable outcomes for children with autism?
What type of therapy is associated with more favorable outcomes for children with autism?
What are tics?
What are tics?
What is a characteristic of Tourette disorder?
What is a characteristic of Tourette disorder?
What is the difference between Tourette disorder and chronic motor or vocal tic disorder?
What is the difference between Tourette disorder and chronic motor or vocal tic disorder?
When is a specific learning disorder diagnosed?
When is a specific learning disorder diagnosed?
What percentage of children in U.S. public schools are diagnosed with a learning disorder?
What percentage of children in U.S. public schools are diagnosed with a learning disorder?
What is characteristic of developmental coordination disorder?
What is characteristic of developmental coordination disorder?
What is characteristic of communication disorders?
What is characteristic of communication disorders?
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Study Notes
Disorders of Tic, Learning, Motor Skills, and Communication
- Tics are sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations that can be suppressed but not indefinitely
- Common simple motor tics include blinking, jerking the neck, and coughing, while complex vocal tics include coprolalia and echolalia
- Tic disorders tend to run in families and are thought to involve abnormal dopamine transmission
- Tourette disorder involves multiple motor and vocal tics occurring many times a day for more than 1 year, with significant impairment in academic, social, or occupational areas
- Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder differs from Tourette disorder in that either the motor or vocal tic is seen, but not both
- Transient tic disorder may involve single or multiple vocal or motor tics, but the occurrences last no longer than 12 months
- A specific learning disorder is diagnosed when a child's achievement in reading, mathematics, or written expression is below that expected for age, formal education, and intelligence
- Approximately 5% of children in U.S. public schools are diagnosed with a learning disorder, with low self-esteem and poor social skills being common
- Developmental coordination disorder is characterized by impaired coordination severe enough to interfere with academic achievement or activities of daily living
- Schools provide adaptive physical education and sensory integration programs to treat motor skills disorder
- Stereotypic movement disorder involves rhythmic, repetitive behaviors with self-inflicted injuries and is more common in individuals with intellectual disability
- Communication disorders involve deficits in language production or comprehension and difficulty producing intelligible speech, hindering development and socialization
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