Disorders of the Upper Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of silicosis?

Inhalation of coal dust

Exposure to tobacco smoke

Inhalation of asbestos fibers

Inhalation of silica dust (correct)

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of asbestosis?

Erythema of the skin

Unexplained fever

Bibasal crackles (correct)

Chest pain

What management strategy should be employed for patients with silicosis?

Immediate surgical intervention

Elimination of exposure to silica dust (correct)

Regular use of antibiotics

Prophylactic administration of corticosteroids

What is a recommended nursing intervention for patients exposed to asbestos?

Providing information on prevention of occupational lung disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication for patients with silicosis?

Higher risk of lower respiratory tract infections Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pneumothorax occurs due to a breach in the pleura allowing air to enter?

Spontaneous pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a clinical manifestation of asbestosis?

Severe chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line of action in managing a patient with silicosis who tests positive for tuberculosis?

Prophylactic isoniazid (INH) treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a common trigger for allergic rhinitis?

Exposure to airborne allergens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with viral rhinitis (common cold)?

Fiery-red pharyngeal membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for acute pharyngitis?

Penicillin Signup and view all the answers

In managing allergic rhinitis, what is an important nursing intervention regarding medication administration?

Blow the nose before applying nasal medications Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes a symptom of chronic pharyngitis?

Persistent inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in the management of viral rhinitis?

Adequate fluid intake and rest Signup and view all the answers

What nursing instruction is important for a patient with allergic rhinitis?

Avoid exposure to potential allergens Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically NOT seen in acute pharyngitis?

Chronic cough Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is commonly used to relieve symptoms of viral rhinitis?

Antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical manifestation of allergic rhinitis?

Tearing watery eyes Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by inflammation of both layers of the pleurae?

Pleurisy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of pleurisy?

Sudden onset fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective in managing Empyema Thoracis?

Drain the fluid in the pleural cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic procedure is typically used to confirm pneumonia?

Chest X-ray Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pneumonia occurs more than 48 hours after hospital admission?

Nosocomial Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hypertrophic chronic pharyngitis?

General thickening and congestion of mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of pneumonia related to breathing effort?

Orthopnea Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a clinical manifestation of chronic pharyngitis?

Foul-smelling breath Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is considered first-line therapy for tonsillitis?

Cephalosporins Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is appropriate for severe pleurisy pain?

Indomethacin Signup and view all the answers

During which condition would a pleural friction rub be heard?

Pleurisy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common nursing intervention for a patient after a tonsillectomy?

Assess for post-operative bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about atrophic chronic pharyngitis is accurate?

It presents with a thin, glistening membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates a patient may have aspiration pneumonia?

Entry of exogenous substances into the airway Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention can help alleviate the pain of pleurisy?

Turning onto the affected side Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is most commonly associated with tonsillitis?

Peritonsillar abscess Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle change is recommended for patients with chronic pharyngitis?

Quit smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically associated with enlarged adenoids?

Frequent ear infections Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate dietary recommendation for a patient post-tonsillectomy?

Soft foods like yogurt Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is indicated for chronic pharyngitis management?

Nasal sprays with ephedrine Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is considered the most frequent in pulmonary embolism?

Severe dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical time frame for the development of symptoms in pulmonary edema?

4 to 48 hours Signup and view all the answers

In managing pulmonary edema, which of the following is important for optimizing oxygenation?

Intubation and mechanical ventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is least likely to be used for pulmonary embolism assessment?

Plasma BNP level Signup and view all the answers

What is typically observed in the chest x-ray of a patient with pulmonary edema?

Bilateral infiltrates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing interventions is essential for patients with pulmonary edema?

Frequent turning of the patient Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment may be necessary for patients with severe pulmonary edema?

Mechanical ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hypoxemia in the context of pulmonary edema?

Unresponsive to increasing inspired oxygen level Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory sound may be heard upon auscultation in pulmonary edema?

Rhonchi and crackles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rhinitis

Characterized by inflammation and irritation of nasal mucous membranes.
Allergic rhinitis divided into seasonal (pollen-related) and perennial (year-round).
Common triggers: dust, dander, plant pollen for susceptible individuals.
Symptoms: rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing, and itching in various areas.
Management includes antihistamines, corticosteroid nasal sprays, and immunizations.
Nursing interventions urge patients to avoid allergens and correctly administer nasal medications.

Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold)

Most common viral infection caused primarily by coronaviruses.
Highly contagious, with transmission occurring before symptoms appear.
Symptoms include low-grade fever, nasal congestion, halitosis, and general malaise.
Management focuses on symptomatic relief and includes warm salt-water gargles and NSAIDs.

Acute Pharyngitis

Sudden and painful inflammation of the pharynx; commonly known as a sore throat.
Characterized by a fiery-red pharyngeal membrane, swollen lymph nodes, and fever.
Penicillin is the preferred treatment along with supportive care, including cool beverages.

Chronic Pharyngitis

Persistent inflammation typically associated with environmental irritants, excessive voice use, or tobacco/alcohol misuse.
Three forms: hypertrophic (thickening of mucous membrane), atrophic (thin, wrinkled membrane), and chronic granular (swollen lymph follicles).
Symptoms include irritation, difficulty swallowing, and throat mucus accumulation.
Management may involve antihistamines and acetaminophen.

Tonsillitis and Adenoiditis

Inflammation of tonsils/adenoids often caused by GABHS.
Symptoms: sore throat, fever, snoring, and difficulty swallowing.
First-line treatment includes penicillin; surgery may be necessary for recurrent cases.
Post-operative care includes maintaining comfort and monitoring for complications.

Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)

Major suppurative complication of tonsillitis requiring urgent attention.
Often seen in individuals exposed to specific pollutants like silica dust.
Symptoms feature a chronic cough and dyspnea, with management aimed at symptomatic relief.

Pneumothorax

Occurs when pleural space is compromised, leading to lung collapse.
Can be spontaneous or related to trauma or lung disease.

Pleurisy (Pleuritis)

Involves inflammation of pleural layers, potentially arising from infections or diseases.
Causes sharp, localized pain that intensifies with breathing and movement.
Diagnosis may involve chest X-rays and management focuses on treating the underlying cause.

Empyema Thoracis

Accumulation of pus in the pleural space, often secondary to pneumonia.
Symptoms resemble acute respiratory infection; diagnosed via chest CT.
Treatment involves draining the infected fluid through thoracentesis or tube thoracostomy.

Pneumonia

Involves lung inflammation due to various pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi).
Differentiated into community-acquired, hospital-acquired, and aspiration types.
Key symptoms include rapid fever, productive cough, chest pain, and respiratory distress.
Management includes antibiotics, oxygenation, and supportive therapies.

Pulmonary Embolism

Obstruction of pulmonary artery by thrombus originating from the venous system.
Risk factors include surgery, trauma, prolonged immobility, and old age.
Main symptom: sudden dyspnea; may mimic chest pain from myocardial infarction.

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Description

This quiz explores various disorders of the upper respiratory system, focusing on rhinitis. It covers the different types of rhinitis, including allergic and seasonal classifications, as well as their causes and symptoms. Test your understanding of these respiratory conditions and their effects on health.