Disorders of the Small Intestines Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of diarrhea?

Decrease in frequency of bowel movements and decrease in water content of stools

Increase in frequency of bowel movements or increase in water content of stools (correct)

Decrease in frequency of bowel movements or increase in water content of stools

Increase in frequency of bowel movements and decrease in water content of stools

What is the normal range of osmolarity?

450 mOsm/L

300 mOsm/L (correct)

150 mOsm/L

600 mOsm/L

What causes osmotic diarrhea?

Bacterial and viral infections

Disease such as Crohn's, UC, Celiac

Antibiotic treatments

Maldigestion of nutrients, excessive sorbitol, laxatives (correct)

Which bacterium can cause dehydration due to diarrhea?

Vibrio cholera Signup and view all the answers

What type of diarrhea does not resolve when the patient is NPO (nothing by mouth)?

Secretory diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of antibiotics and other medications that can cause diarrhea?

Increasing GI motility and altering the normal flora Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of antibiotic-associated diarrhea?

Sepsis Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used in the treatment of C. difficile infection?

Vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of constipation?

Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by damage to intestinal mucosa from gluten exposure?

Celiac disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential environmental factor linked to celiac disease?

Younger age for gluten introduction Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a major role in the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential treatment for antibiotic-associated diarrhea?

Probiotics Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to nutrient deficiencies due to malabsorption?

Maldigestion of fat, carbohydrate, protein Signup and view all the answers

What is an incorrect statement about celiac disease?

It can take up to 20 years to diagnose. Signup and view all the answers

How can proper handwashing help prevent diarrhea?

Reduces risk of infection from contaminated surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What can antibiotics potentially disrupt leading to constipation?

Gut microbiota and motility. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and clindamycin are antibiotics with results that may require treatment with vancomycin and/or metronidazole (flagyl)
Diarrhea causes and treatment: restore normal fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, medications such as LoMotil, Immodium, Bismuth compounds, Flagyl, Lactinex
Constipation definition: decreased frequency of bowel movements, presence of hard stools, need to strain
Constipation causes: slow transit time, part of a disease process like irritable bowel syndrome, Parkinson's, MS, side effect of medications
Constipation treatment: treat underlying etiology, bowel retraining, enemas, cathartic, laxatives, bulking agents, stool softeners
Malabsorption: maldigestion of fat, carbohydrate, protein, etiology: villi in small intestine, liver pancreas dysfunction, decreased transit time, surgery
Celiac disease: damage to intestinal mucosa from gluten exposure, genetic and autoimmune, more common than originally thought, affects 1 in 133 people, can take 11 years to diagnose, environmental factors: younger age for gluten introduction, shorter time for breastfeeding, viral infection during infancy, signs/symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, gas, bone and joint pain, muscle cramping, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, seizures, skin rash, higher risk for lymphoma and osteoporosis, anemia
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): functional disorder, abdominal pain or discomfort that occurs in association with altered bowel habits over a period of three months, diarrhea, constipation, mix = diarrhea + constipation, three subtypes: IBS-D, IBS-C, IBS-M, affects more women under 50, abnormal motility plays major role in symptoms, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, increased permeability of the mucosa, life stressors, serotonin
Malabsorption: malabsorption can lead to nutrient deficiencies, celiac disease is not an allergy to gluten, it is an intolerance, RD can help diagnose celiac disease earlier.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea causes: Clostridioides difficile infection, C. difficile toxins, treatment: metronidazole, vancomycin, fecal microbiota transplant
HANDWASHING: prevent diarrhea, proper handwashing reduces risk of infection, alcohol-based hand sanitizers more effective than soap and water for killing C. difficile spores
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention: limit antibiotic use, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, proper hand hygiene
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea pathophysiology: disruption of gut microbiota, impaired intestinal barrier function, inflammation, toxins, altered motility
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea diagnosis: clinical features, laboratory tests, stool culture, C. difficile toxin assay, colonoscopy
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea treatment: metronidazole, vancomycin, fecal microbiota transplant, supportive care, dietary modifications
Antibiotics and constipation: antibiotics can alter gut microbiota and disrupt motility, leading to constipation, treatment: bulking agents, laxatives, stool softeners, fiber supplements, probiotics
Antibiotics and diarrhea: antibiotics can disrupt gut microbiota and impair intestinal barrier function, leading to diarrhea, treatment: antidiarrheal agents, rehydration, electrolyte replacement, dietary modifications
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea complications: sepsis, toxic megacolon, bowel perforation, recurrent C. difficile infection, hepatic failure
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevention: proper hand hygiene, limiting antibiotic use, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, adequate hydration, adequate nutrition.

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Description

Test your knowledge on disorders of the small intestines such as diarrhea, constipation, malabsorption, celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. Learn about definitions, symptoms, and other related information.