Disorders of Esophagus - GERD Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of GERD?

  • Disturbances of the normal physiological barrier (correct)
  • Disruption of the normal anatomical configuration
  • Erosion of the esophagus lining
  • Increased intragastric volume&/or pressure

    • What is an important feature of hiatus hernia?

  • Often asymptomatic
  • Occurs due to excessive stomach acid production
  • Occurs in 30% of the population over the age of 50 years
  • Gastric volvulus may complicate large hernias (correct)

    • Which symptom is NOT a typical clinical feature of GERD?

  • Salivation during pain
  • Nocturnal cough or wheeze (correct)
  • Waterbrash
  • Chest pain

    • What is an extra-esophageal manifestation of GERD?

    <p>Subglottic stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are investigations for GERD NOT needed?

    <p>In patients with typical symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the investigation of choice for GERD?

    <p>Endoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to identify reflux episodes in GERD?

    <p>Ambulatory 24-hour pH measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the potential oral signs associated with GERD?

    <p>Laryngeal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is trial of acid suppression needed for GERD?

    <p>Only if lifestyle modification measures fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rarely used for investigations of GERD?

    <p>Bernstein acid perfusion test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

    <p>Reflux of stomach contents causing troublesome symptoms or complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common causes of GERD?

    <p>Anatomical barriers and physiological barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of the general population affected by gastroesophageal reflux resulting in heartburn?

    <p>Approximately 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological barrier that maintains lower esophageal sphincter (LOS) competence during straining?

    <p>Intra-abdominal LOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications?

    <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does oesophagitis refer to?

    <p>Presence of endoscopic abnormality in the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the barriers preventing reflux as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Anatomical barriers and physiological barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main defining factor for GERD to be considered as a disease?

    <p>'Reflux occurs in everybody' only if symptoms occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) refer to?

    <p>'Physiological passage of gastric contents into the esophagus'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Immediate clearing of refluxed material' as a physiological barrier?

    <p>It involves immediate removal of refluxed material from the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

    • GERD is defined as a condition where reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications.
    • The main cause of GERD is the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

    Hiatus Hernia

    • A hiatus hernia is a protrusion of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus, which is an important feature of the condition.

    Symptoms of GERD

    • The typical clinical features of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
    • Hiccups are NOT a typical clinical feature of GERD.

    Extra-Esophageal Manifestations of GERD

    • Extra-esophageal manifestations of GERD include cough, asthma, and laryngitis.

    Investigations for GERD

    • Investigations for GERD are NOT needed if symptoms are typical and respond to acid suppression therapy.
    • The investigation of choice for GERD is endoscopy.
    • Ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring is used to identify reflux episodes in GERD.
    • Barium swallow is rarely used for investigations of GERD.

    Oral Signs of GERD

    • One of the potential oral signs associated with GERD is tooth erosion.

    Trial of Acid Suppression

    • A trial of acid suppression is needed for GERD when symptoms persist despite lifestyle modifications.

    Physiological Barriers

    • The physiological barriers that maintain lower esophageal sphincter (LOS) competence during straining include the LES, crural diaphragm, and intra-abdominal pressure.
    • Immediate clearing of refluxed material is a physiological barrier that prevents reflux.

    Epidemiology of GERD

    • GERD affects approximately 10-20% of the general population, resulting in heartburn.

    Oesophagitis

    • Oesophagitis refers to inflammation of the oesophagus.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about disorders of the esophagus, focusing on Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Learn about the causes, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of GERD in this quiz.

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