Disorders of Esophagus - GERD Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of GERD?

  • Disturbances of the normal physiological barrier (correct)
  • Disruption of the normal anatomical configuration
  • Erosion of the esophagus lining
  • Increased intragastric volume&/or pressure

What is an important feature of hiatus hernia?

  • Often asymptomatic
  • Occurs due to excessive stomach acid production
  • Occurs in 30% of the population over the age of 50 years
  • Gastric volvulus may complicate large hernias (correct)

Which symptom is NOT a typical clinical feature of GERD?

  • Salivation during pain
  • Nocturnal cough or wheeze (correct)
  • Waterbrash
  • Chest pain

What is an extra-esophageal manifestation of GERD?

<p>Subglottic stenosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are investigations for GERD NOT needed?

<p>In patients with typical symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the investigation of choice for GERD?

<p>Endoscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to identify reflux episodes in GERD?

<p>Ambulatory 24-hour pH measurement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential oral signs associated with GERD?

<p>Laryngeal cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is trial of acid suppression needed for GERD?

<p>Only if lifestyle modification measures fail (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rarely used for investigations of GERD?

<p>Bernstein acid perfusion test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

<p>Reflux of stomach contents causing troublesome symptoms or complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common causes of GERD?

<p>Anatomical barriers and physiological barriers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the general population affected by gastroesophageal reflux resulting in heartburn?

<p>Approximately 30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological barrier that maintains lower esophageal sphincter (LOS) competence during straining?

<p>Intra-abdominal LOS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications?

<p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does oesophagitis refer to?

<p>Presence of endoscopic abnormality in the esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the barriers preventing reflux as mentioned in the text?

<p>Anatomical barriers and physiological barriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main defining factor for GERD to be considered as a disease?

<p>'Reflux occurs in everybody' only if symptoms occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) refer to?

<p>'Physiological passage of gastric contents into the esophagus' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Immediate clearing of refluxed material' as a physiological barrier?

<p>It involves immediate removal of refluxed material from the esophagus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

GERD definition

Stomach contents refluxing, causing symptoms or complications.

GER cause

Physiological and anatomical issues cause GER.

GERD common cause

Issues with the barriers preventing reflux.

Hiatus hernia complication

Large hernias can lead to gastric twisting.

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GERD symptom (NOT nocturnal)

A symptom NOT related to nighttime coughing or wheezing.

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GERD investigation (if typical)

When typical symptoms of GERD are present, investigations might not be needed.

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GERD investigation of choice

Endoscopy is the preferred method to investigate GERD.

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GERD reflux episode test

Ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring to detect reflux.

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GERD oral sign

Laryngeal cancer can be an oral sign of GERD.

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GERD acid suppression trial

Only used when lifestyle modification fails to improve GERD symptoms.

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GERD investigation (rare)

Bernstein test is rarely used for GERD investigations.

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Oesophagitis definition

Endoscopic abnormality in the esophagus.

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GERD population affected

Approximately 30% of the population experiences heartburn related to GERD.

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Intra-abdominal LOS

The barrier maintainign lower esophageal sphincter competence when straining.

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GER definition

Passage of stomach contents into the esophagus.

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Immediate reflux material clearing

Fast removal of refluxed material in esophagus.

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GERD as a disease

Reflux only classified as a disease when it causes issues and symptoms.

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Study Notes

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

  • GERD is defined as a condition where reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications.
  • The main cause of GERD is the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

Hiatus Hernia

  • A hiatus hernia is a protrusion of the stomach into the chest through the esophageal hiatus, which is an important feature of the condition.

Symptoms of GERD

  • The typical clinical features of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
  • Hiccups are NOT a typical clinical feature of GERD.

Extra-Esophageal Manifestations of GERD

  • Extra-esophageal manifestations of GERD include cough, asthma, and laryngitis.

Investigations for GERD

  • Investigations for GERD are NOT needed if symptoms are typical and respond to acid suppression therapy.
  • The investigation of choice for GERD is endoscopy.
  • Ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring is used to identify reflux episodes in GERD.
  • Barium swallow is rarely used for investigations of GERD.

Oral Signs of GERD

  • One of the potential oral signs associated with GERD is tooth erosion.

Trial of Acid Suppression

  • A trial of acid suppression is needed for GERD when symptoms persist despite lifestyle modifications.

Physiological Barriers

  • The physiological barriers that maintain lower esophageal sphincter (LOS) competence during straining include the LES, crural diaphragm, and intra-abdominal pressure.
  • Immediate clearing of refluxed material is a physiological barrier that prevents reflux.

Epidemiology of GERD

  • GERD affects approximately 10-20% of the general population, resulting in heartburn.

Oesophagitis

  • Oesophagitis refers to inflammation of the oesophagus.

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Description

Test your knowledge about disorders of the esophagus, focusing on Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Learn about the causes, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of GERD in this quiz.

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