Disorders of Digestion & Elimination

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Questions and Answers

Triple therapy is used to treat H.pylori-induced gastritis.

True

Critical illness is a causative factor for chronic gastritis.

False

Gastric atrophy is a precursor to gastric cancer.

True

H2 receptor antagonist is used to treat H.pylori-induced gastritis.

False Signup and view all the answers

The primary symptom of Crohn's disease is weight gain.

False Signup and view all the answers

Eradication of H.pylori is a treatment for chronic gastritis.

True Signup and view all the answers

Iron supplements are a causative factor for acute gastritis.

True Signup and view all the answers

Ulcerative colitis is characterized by transmural inflammation of the bowel.

False Signup and view all the answers

Probiotics are a treatment option for IBD.

True Signup and view all the answers

Toxic megacolon is a complication of Crohn's disease.

False Signup and view all the answers

Appendicitis is the infectious inflammation of the small intestine.

False Signup and view all the answers

Crohn's disease lesions always appear in a continuous pattern.

False Signup and view all the answers

The esophageal ring is a circumferential, distensible narrowing of the esophageal lumen.

False Signup and view all the answers

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is caused by radiation treatment of thoracic cancers.

False Signup and view all the answers

Pill esophagitis is caused by the ingestion of strong alkaline or acid substances.

False Signup and view all the answers

Esophageal diverticula are a congenital condition.

False Signup and view all the answers

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by a single factor.

False Signup and view all the answers

Esophagitis symptoms vary based on the location of the inflammation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Esophageal webs are always symptomatic.

False Signup and view all the answers

Endoscopic dilation therapy is a first-line treatment for esophageal rings and webs.

True Signup and view all the answers

Esophageal perforation is primarily caused by blunt or penetrating trauma.

False Signup and view all the answers

Hiatal hernia is a condition that involves a single factor.

False Signup and view all the answers

Hepatitis E is primarily spread through infected blood or body fluids.

False Signup and view all the answers

Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B can be prevented through vaccination.

True Signup and view all the answers

Cirrhosis is a reversible condition.

False Signup and view all the answers

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most common form of liver cancer.

False Signup and view all the answers

Excess coffee consumption is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.

False Signup and view all the answers

Radiofrequency ablation is a surgical treatment option for liver cancer.

False Signup and view all the answers

Cramping abdominal pain is a manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome.

True Signup and view all the answers

The gold standard for treating appendicitis is laparoscopic surgery.

True Signup and view all the answers

Diverticulitis is characterized by the presence of diverticula without inflammation.

False Signup and view all the answers

Adenomas are malignant tumors that can lead to colorectal cancer.

False Signup and view all the answers

The presence of blood in the stool is a common manifestation of colon cancer.

True Signup and view all the answers

Colonoscopy is a recommended screening method for colorectal cancer.

True Signup and view all the answers

A diet rich in whole-grain fiber is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.

False Signup and view all the answers

Obstruction is a complication of diverticulitis.

True Signup and view all the answers

Moderate to heavy alcohol ingestion is a protective factor against colorectal cancer.

False Signup and view all the answers

The liver plays a role in detoxification and coagulation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Hemorrhoids can be internal or external.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following esophageal disorders with their primary symptoms:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) = Heartburn and regurgitation Barrett esophagus = Often asymptomatic Esophageal cancer = Progressive dysphagia for solids and weight loss Eosinophilic esophagitis = Not mentioned Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatments with their corresponding conditions:

Antacids, H-2 blockers, PPI = Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Endoscopic mucosal resection and ablation = Esophageal cancer Aggressive treatment of GERD = Barrett esophagus Endoscopic surveillance and biopsies = Esophageal cancer Signup and view all the answers

Match the following complications with their corresponding conditions:

Esophageal cancer = Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Barrett esophagus = Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Dysphagia = Esophageal cancer Gastrointestinal tract bleeding = Peptic ulcer disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following risk factors with their corresponding conditions:

Cigarette smoking = Esophageal cancer GERD = Barrett esophagus Obesity = Esophageal cancer H.pylori = Peptic ulcer disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following categories with their corresponding symptoms:

Disorders of secretion = Altered digestion Disorders of motility = Altered ingestion Gastrointestinal tract bleeding = Pain Pain = Altered digestion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their corresponding characteristics:

Peptic ulcer disease = Various causes Barrett esophagus = Complication of GERD Esophageal cancer = Multifactorial etiology Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) = Caused by a single factor Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of gastritis with their causes:

Acute gastritis = Infection-induced, chemical and caustic agents, critical illness, autoimmune disease Chronic gastritis = Infection-induced, usually due to H.pylori H.pylori-induced gastritis = Infection-induced, usually due to H.pylori NSAID-induced gastritis = Drug-induced, NSAIDs, steroids, some chemotherapeutic drugs, alcohol, and iron supplements Signup and view all the answers

Match the following manifestations of gastritis with their characteristics:

Epigastric pain and dyspepsia = Common manifestations of gastritis Bleeding, perforation, obstruction = Common complications of gastritis Asymptomatic = May be asymptomatic Weight gain = Not a common manifestation of gastritis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of gastritis with their treatment options:

H.pylori-induced gastritis = Eradication of H.pylori, triple or quadruple therapy NSAID-induced gastritis = H2 receptor antagonist and cease NSAID Acute gastritis = Elimination of causative agent or exacerbating factors Chronic gastritis = Elimination of causative agent or exacerbating factors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of gastritis with their pathogenesis:

Acute gastritis = Acute imbalance between mucosal injury and repair mechanisms Chronic gastritis = Begins with superficial gastritis, advances to gastric atrophy H.pylori-induced gastritis = Development of mucosal hyperemia and erosive changes with histologic presence of inflammation NSAID-induced gastritis = Development of mucosal hyperemia and erosive changes with histologic presence of inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of gastritis with their complications:

Acute gastritis = Bleeding, perforation, obstruction Chronic gastritis = Gastric atrophy is a precursor to gastric cancer H.pylori-induced gastritis = Bleeding, perforation, obstruction NSAID-induced gastritis = Bleeding, perforation, obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following contributing factors with their effects on gastritis:

Smoking = Contributes to gastritis Excessive alcohol use = Contributes to gastritis, causes chemical and caustic agents Emotional stress = Contributes to gastritis Psychosocial components = Contributes to gastritis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their characteristic features:

Ulcerative Colitis = Characterized by relapsing and remitting episodes of inflammation Crohn's Disease = Develops as a continuous lesion Appendicitis = Infectious inflammation of the appendix Diverticulitis = Presence of diverticula without inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their primary symptoms:

Ulcerative Colitis = Fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and night sweats Crohn's Disease = Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea with or without blood Appendicitis = Severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting IBD = Crampy abdominal pain, pain with defecation, and tenesmus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their potential complications:

Ulcerative Colitis = Toxic megacolon Crohn's Disease = Bowel strictures, obstructions, and perforations Appendicitis = Intra-abdominal abscesses IBD = Malnutrition and dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their treatment options:

Ulcerative Colitis = Optimize quality of life by treating acute processes Crohn's Disease = Induce and maintain remission Appendicitis = Laparoscopic surgery IBD = Probiotics and wholesome nutrition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their anatomic location:

Ulcerative Colitis = Rectum Crohn's Disease = Ileum and proximal colon Appendicitis = Appendix IBD = Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their inflammation patterns:

Ulcerative Colitis = Mucosal inflammation Crohn's Disease = Transmural inflammation Appendicitis = Infectious inflammation IBD = Variable inflammation patterns Signup and view all the answers

Match the following liver diseases with their primary causes:

Alcohol-related liver damage = Chronic alcohol consumption Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease = Obesity and insulin resistance Wilson disease = Genetic disorder of copper metabolism Hemochromatosis = Genetic disorder of iron metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gallbladder disorders with their primary symptoms:

Cholelithiasis = Severe and sudden onset of radiating pain Choledocholithiasis = Jaundice, pain, and hepatocyte damage Cholecystitis = Epigastric heaviness or RUQ abdominal pain Gallbladder cancer = Intense RUQ abdominal pain and jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pancreatic disorders with their primary causes:

Acute pancreatitis = Alcohol abuse and gallstones Chronic pancreatitis = Recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis Pancreatic cysts = Cysts filled with fluid or semi-solid material Pancreatic cancer = Gallstones, toxins, bacteria, or parasites Signup and view all the answers

Match the following liver diseases with their primary treatments:

Alcohol-related liver damage = Abstinence from alcohol Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease = Weight loss and vitamin E Wilson disease = Medications to remove excess copper Hemochromatosis = Phlebotomy to reduce iron levels Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gallbladder disorders with their primary treatments:

Cholelithiasis = Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Choledocholithiasis = Surgery and supportive therapy Cholecystitis = Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and antibiotics Gallbladder cancer = Surgical removal of carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pancreatic disorders with their primary manifestations:

Acute pancreatitis = Abdominal pain and changes in vital signs Chronic pancreatitis = Recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis Pancreatic cysts = Abdominal pain and pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic cancer = Jaundice, weight loss, and palpable gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

Match the following liver diseases with their primary risk factors:

Alcohol-related liver damage = Chronic alcohol consumption Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease = Obesity and insulin resistance Wilson disease = Genetic predisposition Hemochromatosis = Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gallbladder disorders with their primary risk factors:

Cholelithiasis = Female gender, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle Choledocholithiasis = Gallstones in the common bile duct Cholecystitis = Gallstones, trauma, and infection Gallbladder cancer = Gallstones, toxins, bacteria, or parasites Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pancreatic disorders with their primary risk factors:

Match the following liver diseases with their primary manifestations:

Alcohol-related liver damage = Jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease = Elevated liver enzymes and insulin resistance Wilson disease = Neurological symptoms and liver dysfunction Hemochromatosis = Fatigue, joint pain, and liver dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary etiology:

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis = Unknown, linked to genetic and environmental factors Gastric outlet obstruction = Gastric, duodenal, and/or extraluminal pathology H.pylori infection = Bacterial infection Stomach cancer = H. pylori infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary manifestation:

Gastric outlet obstruction = Abdominal pain, distention or bloating, vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis = Gradual onset of worsening nonbilious projectile vomiting, hunger/eagerness to feed after vomiting H.pylori infection = Chronic gastritis Stomach cancer = Abdominal pain, vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary treatment:

Gastric outlet obstruction = Nasogastric tube suction, medications to suppress gastric acid production, IV fluid and electrolyte replacement, nutritional supplementation, trial liquid diet, endoscopic balloon dilation or surgery Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis = Surgical intervention H.pylori infection = Eradication of H.pylori infection Stomach cancer = Based on underlying cause; may include stenting, chemotherapy, endoscopic balloon dilation, or surgery Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laboratory findings with the corresponding gastrointestinal disorder:

Hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis = Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Anemia, occult blood in stool = Gastrointestinal bleeding Elevated liver enzymes = Liver disease Gastrin level elevation = Gastrinoma Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary complication:

Gastric outlet obstruction = GI bleeding Stomach cancer = Malignant obstruction, peritonitis H.pylori infection = Chronic gastritis, stomach cancer Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis = Dehydration, weight loss Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary risk factor:

Stomach cancer = H. pylori infection Gastric outlet obstruction = Gastric, duodenal, and/or extraluminal pathology H.pylori infection = Unknown, but dietary factors may contribute Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis = Unknown, linked to genetic and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

H. pylori Infection and NSAID Use

Contributing factors include smoking, excessive alcohol use, drug use, emotional stress, and psychosocial components.
Common manifestations: asymptomatic, epigastric pain, dyspepsia.
Possible complications: bleeding, perforation, obstruction.
Treatment varies: H. pylori infection treated with triple or quadruple therapy; NSAID-induced injuries managed with H2 receptor antagonists and discontinuation of NSAIDs.

Gastritis

Acute Gastritis: Typically infection-induced, often by H. pylori; can arise from NSAIDs, steroids, and chemical agents.
Chronic Gastritis: Usually caused by H. pylori or autoimmune diseases; progresses from superficial gastritis to gastric atrophy, a precursor to gastric cancer.
Treatment for both types focuses on eliminating causative agents and managing symptoms.

Crohn's Disease (CD)

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, primarily impacting the ileum and proximal colon.
Characterized by transmural inflammation; presents with skip lesions and various clinical manifestations including fever, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Complications may involve bowel strictures, obstructions, and perforations.
Treatment focuses on inducing and maintaining remission and promoting healthy lifestyle habits.

Appendicitis

Infectious inflammation of the appendix, often requiring surgical intervention.

Aging and Gastrointestinal Considerations

Common physiological changes include wear and loss of teeth, periodontal disease, diminished sensory perception, and decreased motility in the esophagus and stomach.

Esophageal Disorders

Esophageal Rings and Webs: Characterized by narrowing that may lead to dysphagia for solids; treatment often involves dietary restrictions and endoscopic dilation.
Esophagitis: Can be eosinophilic, radiation-induced, or corrosive; treatment depends on the underlying cause.
Esophageal Diverticula: Acquired condition often asymptomatic; symptoms depend on location; treatment may require surgery for larger diverticula.
Esophageal Perforation: Caused by iatrogenic injuries or trauma; treatment varies based on severity, often necessitating surgical intervention.
Hiatal Hernia: Multifactorial etiology; symptoms may align with gastroesophageal reflux; treatment involves medication and possible surgery.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Risk factors include low lower esophageal sphincter tone, pregnancy, and obesity; typical symptoms include heartburn and regurgitation.

Liver Disorders

Hepatitis: Transmitted through blood or body fluids; prodromal phase presents with nonspecific symptoms, followed by jaundice and liver tenderness.
Liver Cancer: Often manifests as weakness, weight loss, jaundice, and liver dysfunction; treatment options include surgical resection, transplantation, and ablation therapies.
Cirrhosis: Result of chronic liver damage leading to fibrosis and increased vessel pressures; symptoms develop after substantial liver function impairment.

Bowel Obstruction

Most commonly caused by adhesions or hernias; clinical manifestations include pain, nausea, vomiting, and inability to pass gas or stool.
Treatment involves medical management or surgery if conservative measures fail.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Etiologies include various psychological and physiological factors; symptoms often include abdominal discomfort, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.
Treatment focuses on lifestyle modifications and symptom management.

Diverticular Disease

Small outpouchings of colonic tissue; diverticulosis is asymptomatic, whereas diverticulitis involves inflammation and may require outpatient or inpatient care.
Symptoms include left lower quadrant pain, nausea, and fever.

Hemorrhoids

Caused by straining during bowel movements and increased intraabdominal pressure; may present with bleeding and discomfort.
Treatment varies with severity, from dietary modifications to procedural interventions.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC)

Often arises from adenomas and is associated with lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol consumption, obesity, and low fiber intake.
Symptoms may present asymptomatically or with changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or abdominal mass.
Screening is vital, with colonoscopy recommended starting at age 50 or earlier for those at risk.
Treatment generally involves surgical resection, chemotherapy, and possible radiation therapy.### Causes of Liver Damage
Common causes include alcohol consumption, chronic viral hepatitis, chronic bile duct obstruction, and genetic diseases.
Genetic diseases linked to liver damage include Wilson disease, hemochromatosis, glycogen storage disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and autoimmune hepatitis.

Can manifest as acute or chronic damage, with severity determined by drinking patterns, amount consumed, and duration.
Systemic changes due to increased vascular permeability and portal hypertension may lead to liver scarring.

Early Manifestations of Alcohol-Induced Cirrhosis

Symptoms include increased serum ammonia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, restlessness, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, and ascites.
Abnormal liver function tests alongside symptoms like agitation and nausea are key indicators.

Diagnosis primarily based on a history of alcohol abuse and elevated liver enzymes.
Most important treatment is complete abstinence from alcohol; liver transplant considered if sobriety is maintained.
Serious complications include bleeding, such as esophageal varices and ascites, which are notably linked to obesity.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Defined as hepatic lipid accumulation exceeding 5%, with the severe form being nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Mild disease may show few symptoms, while severe cases can lead to cirrhosis.
Associated with metabolic syndrome including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
Treatment includes weight loss, vitamin E, and potentially bariatric surgery.

Gallbladder Disorders

Primary function is to store and concentrate bile; common disorder includes cholelithiasis (gallstones).
Risk factors for gallstone formation: metabolic changes, biliary stasis, hypertriglyceridemia, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, and genetics.
Classic presentation includes severe pain, especially after fatty meals, ranging from vague to acute pain.

Treatment for Gallbladder Disorders

Asymptomatic patients with low risk can be managed with medications; symptomatic patients may require surgical intervention like laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Choledocholithiasis involves gallstones in the common bile duct, and cholangitis refers to its inflammation, often presenting with RUQ pain, fever, and jaundice.

Cholecystitis

Involves acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, commonly associated with gallstones.
Most commonly triggered by a cystic duct stone; symptoms include intolerance to fatty food, abdominal pain, and fever.
Treatment generally involves laparoscopic cholecystectomy and antibiotics.

Gallbladder Cancer

Typically originates in the surface lining of the gallbladder and is closely associated with gallstones.
Early symptoms may be subtle, developing into significant RUQ pain, jaundice, weight loss, and potentially a palpable gallbladder.
Surgical removal is the main treatment for localized cancer.

Disorders of the Pancreas

Includes acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts, and pancreatic cancer.
Acute pancreatitis is often mild but can become severe, with alcohol abuse and gallstones as leading causes.

Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis

Early treatment is crucial to prevent complications; relies on managing pain, oxygenation, and potential surgical intervention.
Symptoms can include severe abdominal pain, jaundice, and signs of shock.

Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Can arise from gastric, duodenal, or extraluminal pathology such as malignancies or surgical complications.
Symptoms include significant abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss.

Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Characterized by projectile vomiting in infants around 4-6 weeks due to pyloric muscle hypertrophy, requiring surgical intervention.
Lab findings include hypochloremia and metabolic alkalosis.

Stomach Cancer

Risk factors include chronic inflammation and environmental factors; early detection is critical for management.

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Description

Learn about the structure and function of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus, and how it changes with aging. Discover the components of the digestive system and how they are affected by age-related changes.

Disorders of Digestion & Elimination

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Questions and Answers

Triple therapy is used to treat H.pylori-induced gastritis.

Critical illness is a causative factor for chronic gastritis.

Gastric atrophy is a precursor to gastric cancer.

H2 receptor antagonist is used to treat H.pylori-induced gastritis.

The primary symptom of Crohn's disease is weight gain.

Eradication of H.pylori is a treatment for chronic gastritis.

Iron supplements are a causative factor for acute gastritis.

Ulcerative colitis is characterized by transmural inflammation of the bowel.

Probiotics are a treatment option for IBD.

Toxic megacolon is a complication of Crohn's disease.

Appendicitis is the infectious inflammation of the small intestine.

Crohn's disease lesions always appear in a continuous pattern.

The esophageal ring is a circumferential, distensible narrowing of the esophageal lumen.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is caused by radiation treatment of thoracic cancers.

Pill esophagitis is caused by the ingestion of strong alkaline or acid substances.

Esophageal diverticula are a congenital condition.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by a single factor.

Esophagitis symptoms vary based on the location of the inflammation.

Esophageal webs are always symptomatic.

Endoscopic dilation therapy is a first-line treatment for esophageal rings and webs.

Esophageal perforation is primarily caused by blunt or penetrating trauma.

Hiatal hernia is a condition that involves a single factor.

Hepatitis E is primarily spread through infected blood or body fluids.

Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B can be prevented through vaccination.

Cirrhosis is a reversible condition.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most common form of liver cancer.

Excess coffee consumption is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radiofrequency ablation is a surgical treatment option for liver cancer.

Cramping abdominal pain is a manifestation of irritable bowel syndrome.

The gold standard for treating appendicitis is laparoscopic surgery.

Diverticulitis is characterized by the presence of diverticula without inflammation.

Adenomas are malignant tumors that can lead to colorectal cancer.

The presence of blood in the stool is a common manifestation of colon cancer.

Colonoscopy is a recommended screening method for colorectal cancer.

A diet rich in whole-grain fiber is a risk factor for colorectal cancer.

Obstruction is a complication of diverticulitis.

Moderate to heavy alcohol ingestion is a protective factor against colorectal cancer.

The liver plays a role in detoxification and coagulation.

Hemorrhoids can be internal or external.

Match the following esophageal disorders with their primary symptoms:

Match the following treatments with their corresponding conditions:

Match the following complications with their corresponding conditions:

Match the following risk factors with their corresponding conditions:

Match the following categories with their corresponding symptoms:

Match the following conditions with their corresponding characteristics:

Match the following types of gastritis with their causes:

Match the following manifestations of gastritis with their characteristics:

Match the following types of gastritis with their treatment options:

Match the following types of gastritis with their pathogenesis:

Match the following types of gastritis with their complications:

Match the following contributing factors with their effects on gastritis:

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their characteristic features:

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their primary symptoms:

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their potential complications:

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their treatment options:

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their anatomic location:

Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their inflammation patterns:

Match the following liver diseases with their primary causes:

Match the following gallbladder disorders with their primary symptoms:

Match the following pancreatic disorders with their primary causes:

Match the following liver diseases with their primary treatments:

Match the following gallbladder disorders with their primary treatments:

Match the following pancreatic disorders with their primary manifestations:

Match the following liver diseases with their primary risk factors:

Match the following gallbladder disorders with their primary risk factors:

Match the following pancreatic disorders with their primary risk factors:

Match the following liver diseases with their primary manifestations:

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary etiology:

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary manifestation:

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary treatment:

Match the following laboratory findings with the corresponding gastrointestinal disorder:

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary complication:

Match the following gastrointestinal disorders with their primary risk factor:

Study Notes

H. pylori Infection and NSAID Use

Gastritis