Questions and Answers
Which type of immunity does not involve the production of memory cells?
Bacteria in the mouth can produce acid that contributes to tooth decay.
True
What is one method to ensure hygienic food preparation?
Wash your hands
The treatment of water with _______ helps to remove pathogens.
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Which of the following is NOT a method to control the spread of disease?
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Match the following methods to their purpose in disease control:
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Which of the following diseases is considered transmissible?
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Active immunity provides long-lasting protection against diseases.
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All bacteria are harmful to humans.
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Name two methods of pathogen transmission.
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What can happen if meat is stored next to fruits?
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____ are not living organisms, can hijack living cells to reproduce, and cannot be killed with antibiotics.
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Match the following diseases with their type (Transmissible or Non-transmissible):
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Which pathogen is associated with food poisoning?
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An example of a transmissible disease is Alzheimer's.
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What type of immunity occurs when an individual's own body produces antibodies?
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Identify the two main types of pathogens.
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Vaccination campaigns can effectively eradicate viruses if most of the population is vaccinated.
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Name one disease that has been eradicated worldwide through vaccination.
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The immunization that involves a baby receiving antibodies from their mother through breast feeding is known as ________ immunity.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following best describes passive immunity?
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Polio has been eradicated globally, with no cases reported in any country.
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What are memory cells responsible for in the immune system?
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Study Notes
Diseases Overview
- Diseases categorized as non-transmissible (e.g., cancer, diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, epilepsy) or transmissible (e.g., chickenpox, COVID-19, tuberculosis, AIDS, rabies).
- Transmissible diseases are caused by pathogens like bacteria or viruses and can be spread from host to host.
Types of Diseases
- Non-transmissible diseases: Typically chronic, cannot be passed from person to person.
- Transmissible diseases: Can be spread through direct or indirect contact, often require a pathogen for infection.
Transmission Methods
- Direct contact: Human-to-human contact, touching, kissing, sexual intercourse.
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Indirect contact:
- Airborne (e.g., cold, flu)
- Fecal-oral via water (e.g., cholera, poliomyelitis)
- Blood or bodily fluids
- Animal-borne (e.g., rabies from dogs)
Pathogens
- Bacteria: Prokaryotic, unicellular, some beneficial, others harmful. Can be killed by antibiotics.
- Viruses: Non-living entities that hijack host cells for reproduction. Cannot be treated with antibiotics.
Immunity Types
- Active immunity: Body produces its own antibodies and memory cells; offers long-term protection.
- Passive immunity: Individual receives antibodies directly (e.g., from mother to fetus), providing temporary protection without immune response activation.
Controlling Disease Spread
- Strategies include:
- Clean water supply
- Hygienic food preparation
- Good personal hygiene
- Waste disposal management
- Sewage treatment
Clean Water Supply
- Essential for drinking, food preparation, and hygiene; must be treated to eliminate pathogens (e.g., cholera).
Hygienic Food Preparation
- Most food poisoning incidents caused by bacteria; requires:
- Keeping bacteria away (e.g., handwashing, avoiding contact with raw foods)
- Cooking food thoroughly to kill pathogens
- Separating raw and cooked foods to prevent cross-contamination
Personal Hygiene
- Hygiene practices affect health; bacteria in the mouth can cause tooth decay by producing acids from sugars.
Vaccination Campaigns
- Vaccinations can prevent disease spread;
- Smallpox eradicated in 1980.
- Polio nearly eradicated, with current cases limited to specific countries (e.g., Pakistan, Afghanistan).
- Vaccination induces active immunity by prompting the body to create antibodies.
Passive vs. Active Immunity
- Active immunity: Developed through exposure to pathogens or through vaccination, resulting in longer-lasting immunity.
- Passive immunity: Received from another source (e.g., maternal antibodies); provides immediate but temporary protection.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various diseases, their classifications, and the human immune response to them. From transmissible infections like COVID-19 and tuberculosis to non-transmissible diseases like cancer and diabetes, this quiz covers essential concepts in disease and immunity.
