Diseases and Immunity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary reason for antibiotics becoming less effective?

  • Overuse and unnecessary prescriptions (correct)
  • Limited public awareness
  • Underprescription in healthcare
  • Increased farming efficiency

    • What action can individuals take to help prevent antibiotic resistance?

  • Only take antibiotics when essential (correct)
  • Stop taking antibiotics when feeling better
  • Share antibiotics with others
  • Take antibiotics for minor infections

    • How is active immunity developed in the body?

  • Through topical application of immune boosters
  • Through passive transfer of antibodies
  • By vaccination or natural pathogen infection (correct)
  • By consuming antiviral medicines

    • What happens when antibodies bind to antigens on pathogenic cells?

    <p>Agglutination occurs, hindering movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do memory cells play in the immune response?

    <p>They remember instructions for making specific antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major characteristic of active immunity?

    <p>Slow acting and long-lasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phagocytes when antibodies mark pathogenic cells?

    <p>They are signaled to destroy marked pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the lymphocytes to create antibodies?

    <p>Recognition of foreign antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way malaria spreads from an infected person to others?

    <p>By an uninfected mosquito biting the infected person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method for preventing the spread of malaria?

    <p>Drinking large quantities of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of HIV infection over time?

    <p>Gradual immunodeficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluids can lead to the transmission of HIV?

    <p>Blood and breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the advanced stage of HIV infection, known as AIDS?

    <p>Development of certain cancers and severe infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cholera infection?

    <p>A bacterium called Vibrio cholerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a severe consequence of cholera infection?

    <p>Rapid loss of fluids and salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cholera bacteria affect individuals who are exposed but do not become ill?

    <p>They can still pass the bacteria in their stool.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the skin as a mechanical barrier?

    <p>To cover and protect against pathogen entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mucus contribute to the body's defense against pathogens?

    <p>By trapping pathogens for removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes phagocytosis?

    <p>Engulfing and digesting pathogenic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do female Anopheles mosquitoes play in malaria transmission?

    <p>They act as vectors for Plasmodium parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the malaria parasites after they enter the human body?

    <p>They travel to the liver and may lie dormant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical barrier in the body has the capacity to kill pathogens?

    <p>Stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of white blood cells is primarily responsible for producing antibodies?

    <p>Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is agglutination in the context of the immune response?

    <p>Clumping pathogenic cells together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a transmissible disease?

    <p>A disease in which the pathogen can be passed from one host to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a barrier to pathogen entry in the human body?

    <p>Vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the malarial pathogen primarily transmitted?

    <p>By mosquitoes as a vector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes HIV?

    <p>HIV is a viral pathogen that affects the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary effect of cholera on the human body?

    <p>Osmotic movement of water into the gut causing diarrhoea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of memory cells in active immunity?

    <p>They provide long-term immunity by remembering specific antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done to minimize the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

    <p>Using antibiotics only when essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive immunity in infants can primarily be derived from which source?

    <p>Antibodies acquired from breast milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the cholera bacterium?

    <p>It produces a toxin causing severe diarrhoea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of excessive alcohol consumption on the body?

    <p>Damage to the liver and reduced self-control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of cholera contamination during an epidemic?

    <p>Feces of an infected person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cholera toxin affect cells in the intestine?

    <p>Activates chloride channel proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended method to prevent cholera?

    <p>Improving sewage treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a short-term effect of alcohol consumption?

    <p>Blackouts or amnesia of events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by excessive fat buildup in the liver due to alcohol consumption?

    <p>Fatty liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious health risk is associated with tobacco smoking?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a social implication of excessive alcohol consumption?

    <p>Domestic violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a health consequence of smoking related to cardiovascular issues?

    <p>Increased risk of heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of memory cells created after vaccination?

    <p>To respond quickly to future encounters with the same antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does herd immunity function in a population?

    <p>By limiting disease spread due to high vaccination rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes passive immunity?

    <p>It involves the transfer of ready-made antibodies from another source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role do antibodies play in vaccination?

    <p>They bind to antigens to neutralize their effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence can occur if the percentage of vaccinations in a population decreases?

    <p>It stops herd immunity from working effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the vaccination process with live pathogens?

    <p>It introduces a non-infectious form of the pathogen to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has been successfully eradicated due to vaccination programs?

    <p>Smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do injected antibodies provide fast protection during infection?

    <p>They provide immediate defense without the need for the body to produce its own antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diseases and Immunity

    • A pathogen is a disease-causing organism.
    • Transmissible diseases are diseases caused by pathogens that spread from one host to another.
    • Pathogens spread through:
      • Direct contact (e.g., blood, body fluids, HIV, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B & C)
      • Indirect contact (e.g., contaminated surfaces, food, animals, air)
    • The human body has barriers to pathogens, including skin, hairs in the nose, mucus, and stomach acid.
    • Mosquitoes are vectors of malaria.
    • Malaria is caused by a single-celled Plasmodium parasite, transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.
    • HIV is a viral pathogen that can lead to AIDS.
    • HIV transmission occurs through exchange of body fluids.
    • Cholera is caused by a bacterium, Vibrio cholerae.
    • The Vibrio cholerae toxin causes secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine, leading to diarrhoea and dehydration.
    • Cholera spreads through contaminated food and water.
    • Vaccination helps control transmissible diseases.
    • Passive immunity involves antibodies from another source (e.g., mother to infant through breast milk or placenta). This immunity is short-term.
    • Active immunity involves antibody production in response to an infection or vaccination. It is long-lasting.
    • A drug is a substance that modifies chemical reactions in the body. Some are medicinal, treating disease symptoms.
    • Antibiotics kill bacteria but not viruses.
    • Antibiotic resistance (e.g., MRSA) can be reduced by only using antibiotics when essential.
    • Alcohol use can have short-term effects such as decreased self-control, violent behaviour, and slow reaction time. Long-term effects can include liver damage.
    • Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals that are linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases (like bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, heart disease), and low birth weight in babies.
    • The human immune system is susceptible to HIV, which causes a decrease in lymphocytes and the inability to produce enough antibodies.
    • Preventing the spread of diseases includes hygienic food preparation, personal hygiene, waste disposal, proper sanitation, and safe drinking water.

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    Diseases and Immunity Syllabus PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on diseases, pathogens, and the body's immune responses. This quiz covers various types of transmissible diseases, their causes, transmission methods, and the importance of vaccinations in disease control. Explore the roles of different pathogens and vectors in human health.

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