Disease Transmission & Prevention Chapter 19
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Questions and Answers

What is a latent infection?

A persistent infection in which symptoms come and go.

What characterizes an acute infection?

Symptoms that are quite severe and of short duration.

What is a chronic infection?

An infection of long duration.

What is the purpose of the OSHA BBP standard?

<p>Designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes direct contact in disease transmission?

<p>Touching or contact with a patient's blood or saliva; the most common route of contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indirect contact?

<p>Touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a droplet infection?

<p>Exposure that enters the mucosal surface of the eyes, nose, or mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does percutaneous exposure mean?

<p>Exposure that enters through the skin, such as through needle sticks, cuts, and human bites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is permucosal exposure?

<p>Exposure that contacts mucous membranes, such as the eye or the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered occupational exposure?

<p>Any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact, or percutaneous injury with blood or other potentially infectious materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are standard precautions?

<p>A standard of care that is designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid, excretion, or secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is personal protective equipment?

<p>Items such as protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear to protect employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hazardous waste?

<p>Waste that presents danger to humans or the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is infectious waste?

<p>Waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sharps?

<p>Contaminated needles, scalpel blades, orthodontic wires, and endodontic instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contaminated waste?

<p>Contaminated items that may contain the body fluids of patients; another term for infectious waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anaphylaxis?

<p>The most severe form of immediate allergic reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are communicable diseases?

<p>Infections that can be spread from another person or through contact with body fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inherited immunity?

<p>Immunity that is present at birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is acquired immunity?

<p>Immunity that develops during a person's lifetime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is natural acquired immunity?

<p>Occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is artificially acquired immunity?

<p>Occurs as the result of vaccination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of infection prevention?

<p>The ultimate goal of all infection control procedures and policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency recently released infection control guidelines?

<p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Irritant dermatitis does not involve the immune system.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What infection control measures help prevent disease transmission from the dental team to the patient?

<p>Gloves, handwashing, masks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard?

<p>To protect employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often must the exposure control plan be reviewed and updated?

<p>Annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must an employee do if he or she does not want the hepatitis B vaccine?

<p>Sign an informed refusal form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should long artificial nails and rings be avoided when working in a dental office?

<p>They can stab/scratch patients, harbor pathogens, and contaminate items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the type of PPE that should be worn?

<p>Risk of exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of protective eyewear?

<p>Side shields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the most critical piece of PPE?

<p>Gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For what procedures are sterile gloves most commonly worn?

<p>Surgical procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should utility gloves be worn?

<p>When disinfecting the treatment area and when preparing instruments for sterilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are overgloves?

<p>Gloves worn to open drawers during a dental procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infection Types

  • Latent Infection: Persistent infection with symptoms that can fluctuate.
  • Acute Infection: Characterized by severe symptoms lasting a short duration.
  • Chronic Infection: Long-lasting infections that may persist for extended periods.

Safety Standards and Practices

  • OSHA BBP Standard: Protects employees from occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
  • Standard Precautions: Care standards to safeguard healthcare providers from pathogens in blood and body fluids.
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Includes protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear to ensure employee safety.

Modes of Disease Transmission

  • Direct Contact: Most common contamination route, involving touching a patient's blood or saliva.
  • Indirect Contact: Involves touching contaminated surfaces or instruments.
  • Droplet Infection: Acquiring infections through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth; related to airborne transmission.
  • Percutaneous Exposure: Entry of pathogens through skin via needle sticks, cuts, or bites.
  • Permucosal Exposure: Involves contact with mucous membranes, such as eyes and mouth.

Exposure and Waste Management

  • Occupational Exposure: Anticipated contact with blood or potentially infectious materials during work activities.
  • Hazardous Waste: Waste that poses a threat to health or the environment.
  • Infectious Waste: Capable of transmitting infectious diseases; includes items like sharps (needles, blades).
  • Contaminated Waste: Items likely to contain patient body fluids; considered infectious.

Immunity Types

  • Inherited Immunity: Present at birth, part of genetic makeup.
  • Acquired Immunity: Develops during an individual's life; can be natural (following recovery from disease) or artificial (via vaccination).

Infection Control Goals

  • Infection Prevention: The primary aim of all infection control procedures and policies.

CDC and Guidelines

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Agency responsible for recent infection control guidelines.

General Knowledge and Practices

  • Irritant Dermatitis: Type of dermatitis not involving the immune system.
  • Infection Control Measures: Include the use of gloves, proper handwashing, and masks to minimize disease transmission from providers to patients.
  • Exposure Control Plan: Must be reviewed and updated annually.
  • Hepatitis B Vaccine Refusal: Employees must sign an informed refusal form if they decline the vaccination.

PPE and Workplace Practices

  • Gloves: Considered the most critical piece of PPE.
  • Utility Gloves: Should be worn for disinfecting treatment areas and preparing instruments for sterilization.
  • Overgloves: Special gloves used to open drawers during procedures.
  • Avoiding Long Nails and Rings: Prevents stabbing/scratching patients and contamination of items.

Risk Assessment

  • Type of PPE: Selected based on the risk of exposure in specific situations.

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Description

Explore key terms related to disease transmission and infection prevention in this Chapter 19 quiz. Learn about various types of infections such as latent, acute, and chronic, as well as important safety standards like the OSHA BBP standard. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of infection control methods.

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