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Questions and Answers
Why do viral infections like the flu often cause body aches and pains?
Why do viral infections like the flu often cause body aches and pains?
- The body's immune response constricts blood vessels, leading to muscle stiffness.
- The virus directly attacks muscle tissue, causing inflammation.
- The virus triggers the release of harmful chemicals or toxins that damage various parts of the body. (correct)
- The virus disrupts nerve signals, causing misinterpretation of pain signals.
How do viruses typically leave cells after replicating inside them?
How do viruses typically leave cells after replicating inside them?
- By exocytosis or by causing the cell to burst. (correct)
- By integrating their DNA into the host cell's genome.
- By exiting through the cell membrane via endocytosis.
- By converting into a dormant state within the cell.
What is the primary way mosquitoes transmit pathogens to humans, as described in the text?
What is the primary way mosquitoes transmit pathogens to humans, as described in the text?
- By transmitting pathogens from horses and other mammals.
- Through the introduction of pathogens when biting humans. (correct)
- Through direct contact with contaminated surfaces.
- By injecting toxins into the bloodstream during a bite.
What role do flies play in the transmission of pathogens, according to the information provided?
What role do flies play in the transmission of pathogens, according to the information provided?
How do pathogenic bacteria cause damage in the body?
How do pathogenic bacteria cause damage in the body?
What did Koch's research establish regarding microorganisms and disease?
What did Koch's research establish regarding microorganisms and disease?
In the context of disease transmission, what distinguishes the scientific usage of the term 'carrier'?
In the context of disease transmission, what distinguishes the scientific usage of the term 'carrier'?
What is a common consequence of toxins being carried throughout the body via the bloodstream during an infection?
What is a common consequence of toxins being carried throughout the body via the bloodstream during an infection?
Considering the information about disease symptoms, what is the initial step in how a virus causes illness?
Considering the information about disease symptoms, what is the initial step in how a virus causes illness?
How does the multiplication of viruses inside cells directly contribute to symptoms of a viral disease?
How does the multiplication of viruses inside cells directly contribute to symptoms of a viral disease?
Flashcards
Toxins
Toxins
Harmful chemicals produced when pathogenic bacteria invade the body.
Carrier (science usage)
Carrier (science usage)
A person who spreads germs while remaining well.
Pathogens
Pathogens
Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases.
Symptoms of Disease
Symptoms of Disease
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Spread of Diseases
Spread of Diseases
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Study Notes
- In 2016, cases of the West Nile virus were reported in 47 states.
- The West Nile and Zika viruses are transmitted from horses and other mammals to humans by mosquitoes.
- Flies can transmit pathogens by landing on infected materials, such as feces, and then landing on materials handled or eaten by humans.
Symptoms of Disease
- You may feel aches and pains, cough, and sneeze when you become ill with a disease such as the flu because a pathogen has invaded some of the cells of your body.
- Pathogens include the influenza virus or bacteria.
- A virus multiplies in the cells and leaves the cells either by exocytosis, or by causing the cell to burst.
- A virus can damage tissues and even kill some cells.
- When pathogenic bacteria invade the body, harmful chemicals or toxins might be produced.
- Toxins can be carried throughout the body via the bloodstream and damage various parts of the body.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Koch's research established the idea that some microorganisms cause infectious diseases.
Science Usage vs. Common Usage: "Carrier"
- Science usage of "carrier" refers to a person who spreads germs while remaining well.
- Typhoid fever was spread by a carrier known as "Typhoid Mary".
- Common usage of "carrier" refers to a person or corporation in the transportation business.
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