(3 PRELIM) PUBLIC HEALTH

refers to the PROGRESSION OF A DISEASE process in an individual over time, in the absence of treatment.

SAXITOXIN AND SIMILAR TOXINS FORM SHELLFISH ; few minutes– 30 minutes

NAUSEA, VOMITING, CRAMPS, HEADACHE, NERVOUSNESS, BLURRED VISION, CHEST PAIN, confusion, twitching, convulsions; few minutes–few hours.

DIARRHEA, often with fever and cramps; usually 6–48 hours

SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (SARS); 3–10 days, usually 4–6 days

CHICKENPOX; 10–21 days, usually 14–16 days

SYPHILIS; 10–90 days, usually 3 weeks

HEPATITIS; 14–50 days, average 4 weeks

HEPATITIS; 50–180 days, usually 2– 3 months

AIDS; <1 to 15+ year

LEUKEMIA; 2-12 years

THYROID CANCER; 3–20+ years

BONE MARROW; 8–40 years

refers to the PROPORTION OF EXPOSED PERSONS who become infected.

refers to the proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease

refers to the proportion of clinically apparent CASES THAT ARE SEVERE OR FATAL

Such PERSONS WHO ARE INFECTIOUS but have subclinical disease; are persons with incubating disease or inapparent infection

a SINGLE INSTANCE OF DISEASE, injury, or other health condition that meets selected criteria of clinical and laboratory findings and for person, place, and time.

refers to a DISEASE that occurs INFREQUENTLY and IRREGULARLY.

refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a POPULATION WITHIN A GEOGRAPHIC AREA.

refers to PERSISTENT, HIGH LEVELS OF DISEASE OCCURRENCE

An observed amount of disease that is USUALLY PRESENT IN A COMMUNITY OR GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, like a state or country, known through historical counts or public health surveillance, and often used for comparison in identifying outbreaks or measuring the effectiveness of public health actions.

refers to an INCREASE, OFTEN SUDDEN, IN A NUMBER OF CASES of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area.

carries the SAME DEFINITION OF EPIDEMIC, but is often used for a more limited geographic area.

A group of cases of the same general health problem that occur in a LIMITED GEOGRAPHICAL AREA without regard to the expected levels.

refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people

A virus that has not been seen before or is a virus that is known but has not infected humans before

What is NERD?

A fictional novel emerging respiratory disease caused by a virus that can spread from person to person

when an agent and susceptible hosts are present in adequate numbers, and the agent can be effectively conveyed from a source to the susceptible hosts.

Transmission occurs from person to person.

patients are exposed to the source of the disease at irregular intervals

both common-source epidemics and propagated epidemics.

The disease is spreading from person to person with confirmed outbreaks at the community level.

There are scattered cases or small clusters of disease in humans. If the illness is spreading from human to human, it’s not broad enough to cause community-level outbreaks

A virus in animals has caused no known infections in humans.

An animal virus has caused infection in humans.

The disease is spreading between humans in more than one country of one of the WHO regions.

At least one more country, in a different region from Phase 5, has community-level outbreaks.

List of the deadliest pandemics in world history includes:

A bacterial infection found mainly in rodents and associated fleas, plague readily leaps to humans in close contact.

most nutorious epedimic in history

3 types of Plague

the disease's most common form, refers to telltale buboes—painfully swollen lymph nodes—that appear around the groin, armpit, or neck.

the most infectious type, is an advanced stage of plague that moves into the lungs

Patients develop fever, chills, extreme weakness, abdominal pain, shock, and possibly bleeding into the skin and other organs.

It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin.

also known as the influenza pandemic of 1918

caused by variola virus

The most severe phase of HIV infection.

Some people have flu-like symptoms.

called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency. any symptoms or get sick during this phase

is a sickness caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Treatment of Covid 19

COVOID VACCINES