Podcast
Questions and Answers
Disease presentation in the elderly is:
Disease presentation in the elderly is:
- often atypical, especially in those >90 old; because of dicreased physiologic reserve, older patients often develop symptoms at an later stage of their disease; there are usually single abnormality amenable to treatment, and large improvements in each
- often atypical, especially in those >65 old; because of dicreased physiologic reserve, older patients often develop symptoms at an later stage of their disease; there are usually single abnormality amenable to treatment, and large improvements in each
- often atypical, especially in those over 70-80 years old: because of decreased physiologic reserve, older patients often develop symptoms at an earlier stage of their disease; there are usually multiple abnormalities amenable to treatment and small bowel improvements (correct)
- often typical, especially in those >80 old; because of increased physiologic reserve, older patients often develop symptoms at an later stage of their disease; there are usually single abnormality amenable to treatment and large improvements in each
some select physiologic changes (or consequences)age related of important organs systems in respiratory:
some select physiologic changes (or consequences)age related of important organs systems in respiratory:
- increased cough reflex
- increased chest wall stiffness
- increased lung elasticity
- increased microaspiration, aspiration pneumonia, dysponea, hypoxia (correct)
For several reasons, older pts are 2 or 3 times more likely to have adverse drug reactions. Why?
For several reasons, older pts are 2 or 3 times more likely to have adverse drug reactions. Why?
- drug clearance is often markedly reduced, volume of distribution of drugs is also affected (correct)
- serum albumin levels increase
- increase in protein binding of some drugs
- increase in total body water and relative decrease in body fat
Part of the eldery regularly use nonprescribed drugs, many of which cause significant symptoms and/or interact with other medication:
Part of the eldery regularly use nonprescribed drugs, many of which cause significant symptoms and/or interact with other medication:
HYVET study evidence. Impact of active AH therapy on total mortality in old patients (in age 80 years and more):
HYVET study evidence. Impact of active AH therapy on total mortality in old patients (in age 80 years and more):
Potential drug interactions:
Potential drug interactions:
Most important anatomic and functional changes CVS in old age:
Most important anatomic and functional changes CVS in old age:
Evaluation of the older patients (pt) can:
Evaluation of the older patients (pt) can:
Thus, adverse drug reactions and dosage errors are:
Thus, adverse drug reactions and dosage errors are:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs, systems in hematologic/immune:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs, systems in hematologic/immune:
The highest pre-operation risk in the eldery is represented by:
The highest pre-operation risk in the eldery is represented by:
3rd degree AV block in the eldery should be treated by:
3rd degree AV block in the eldery should be treated by:
serum keratinine in old people is:
serum keratinine in old people is:
immobilization syndrome is associated with:
immobilization syndrome is associated with:
sleeping disorders in the eldery:
sleeping disorders in the eldery:
changes in the blood circulation system of a geriatric patient are chracterized by:
changes in the blood circulation system of a geriatric patient are chracterized by:
certain features of the examination should receive special attention, depending in part on clues from the history
certain features of the examination should receive special attention, depending in part on clues from the history
risk factors of immobility do NOT include:
risk factors of immobility do NOT include:
which are the most favourable antihypertensive drugs in the eldery?
which are the most favourable antihypertensive drugs in the eldery?
we refer to a geriatric patient as one at the age of:
we refer to a geriatric patient as one at the age of:
Typical history in the case of occupational asthma is:
Typical history in the case of occupational asthma is:
EU safety and health at work are include in:
EU safety and health at work are include in:
occupational disease from long-term, overused and one-side load affect:
occupational disease from long-term, overused and one-side load affect:
the international agency for research on cancer categorizes agents, mixtures and exposures on basic of evidence of carcinogenity in:
the international agency for research on cancer categorizes agents, mixtures and exposures on basic of evidence of carcinogenity in:
Radon is:
Radon is:
Work exacerbated asthma is:
Work exacerbated asthma is:
The first choice in pharmacological treatment of Raynauld syndrome are:
The first choice in pharmacological treatment of Raynauld syndrome are:
Early, localized infection of Lyme disease is characterized by:
Early, localized infection of Lyme disease is characterized by:
Organophosphates intoxication is manifested by:
Organophosphates intoxication is manifested by:
Which occupational oncological disease often occurs due to the exposition to benzene?
Which occupational oncological disease often occurs due to the exposition to benzene?
Tinel sign is present at:
Tinel sign is present at:
Pneumoconiosis is generally diagnosed using the following examination method:
Pneumoconiosis is generally diagnosed using the following examination method:
The most typical occupation with the high risk of vocal cords disorders is:
The most typical occupation with the high risk of vocal cords disorders is:
pneumoconiosis cannot be caused by:
pneumoconiosis cannot be caused by:
EU safety and health at work are include in:
EU safety and health at work are include in:
X-ray shadows of small opacities (under 1 cm) accord to international labour office standardisaion are index:
X-ray shadows of small opacities (under 1 cm) accord to international labour office standardisaion are index:
Typical chest X-ray signs of simple silicosis are:
Typical chest X-ray signs of simple silicosis are:
Into occupationl disease from long-term, overused and one-side load of upper extremities do not belong:
Into occupationl disease from long-term, overused and one-side load of upper extremities do not belong:
Gold standard in the diagnostic algorithm of occupational asthma is:
Gold standard in the diagnostic algorithm of occupational asthma is:
Raynauld phenomena is not component part of:
Raynauld phenomena is not component part of:
Into definition of occupational health do not blongs:
Into definition of occupational health do not blongs:
occupational hygiene take care on:
occupational hygiene take care on:
occupational diseases are regulated by EU as:
occupational diseases are regulated by EU as:
Most common risk at work is:
Most common risk at work is:
in case of loudness risk we can talk if there is average of noise at work over:
in case of loudness risk we can talk if there is average of noise at work over:
Raynaud phenomena is not component part of:
Raynaud phenomena is not component part of:
Tinnel sign is present at:
Tinnel sign is present at:
into occupational disease from longterm, overused and one-side load of upper extremities do not belong:
into occupational disease from longterm, overused and one-side load of upper extremities do not belong:
occupational disease for longterm and one-side load affect:
occupational disease for longterm and one-side load affect:
Typical X-Ray signs of complicate silicosis are:
Typical X-Ray signs of complicate silicosis are:
under the item of occupational disease’s list. Other disorders from work we can report:
under the item of occupational disease’s list. Other disorders from work we can report:
pneumoconiosis are lung diseases following:
pneumoconiosis are lung diseases following:
Between complications of pulmonary asbestosis do not belong:
Between complications of pulmonary asbestosis do not belong:
Chronic epicondylitis can be conclude by:
Chronic epicondylitis can be conclude by:
causal drug for treatment of silicosis is:
causal drug for treatment of silicosis is:
to the most common occupational infection diseases belongs:
to the most common occupational infection diseases belongs:
Which of the following intoxication occur most frequently:
Which of the following intoxication occur most frequently:
Mehanism of plethyzmographic is in:
Mehanism of plethyzmographic is in:
Neer test is present during:
Neer test is present during:
among the typical occupational cancer belongs:
among the typical occupational cancer belongs:
Latent form of tubercolosis can not be excluded by:
Latent form of tubercolosis can not be excluded by:
Which occupational oncological disease often occurs due to the exposition to benzene?
Which occupational oncological disease often occurs due to the exposition to benzene?
Typical etiological agent for cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses is:
Typical etiological agent for cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses is:
A typical feature of asthma is the daily variability of PEF:
A typical feature of asthma is the daily variability of PEF:
Bronchodilatation test is positive, if FEV1 will increase:
Bronchodilatation test is positive, if FEV1 will increase:
Typical history is the case of occupational asthma is:
Typical history is the case of occupational asthma is:
The most common etiological factors of occupational rhinitis belongs:
The most common etiological factors of occupational rhinitis belongs:
Functional examination method of upper airways is:
Functional examination method of upper airways is:
in non-specific bronchocostriction test and nasal provocation test we apply:
in non-specific bronchocostriction test and nasal provocation test we apply:
X-ray shadows of small opacites (under 1cm) accord to International Labour Office Standardisation ILO are index:
X-ray shadows of small opacites (under 1cm) accord to International Labour Office Standardisation ILO are index:
into definition of occupational health do not belongs:
into definition of occupational health do not belongs:
Occupational hygiene take care on:
Occupational hygiene take care on:
Occupational diseases are regulated by EU as:
Occupational diseases are regulated by EU as:
In case of loudness risk we can talk if there is average of noise at worl over:
In case of loudness risk we can talk if there is average of noise at worl over:
Psychosis (unadequate laugh, euphory, impulsive negotation, mixed-upness, agressivity, halucinations) occurs intoxication by:
Psychosis (unadequate laugh, euphory, impulsive negotation, mixed-upness, agressivity, halucinations) occurs intoxication by:
Kussmaul trias is clinical manifestation as:
Kussmaul trias is clinical manifestation as:
Mechanism of plethyzmographic:
Mechanism of plethyzmographic:
Among the occupational cancer belongs:
Among the occupational cancer belongs:
Which metal is not neurotoxic:
Which metal is not neurotoxic:
The most common ethiological factors of occupational rhinitis belongs:
The most common ethiological factors of occupational rhinitis belongs:
In non-specific bronchoconstriction test and nasal provocation test we apply:
In non-specific bronchoconstriction test and nasal provocation test we apply:
X-ray shadows of small opacites (under 1 cm) accord to International Labour Office Standardisation are index
X-ray shadows of small opacites (under 1 cm) accord to International Labour Office Standardisation are index
Which form of hypertension is the most common in elderly population
Which form of hypertension is the most common in elderly population
An acute state of confusion, which is relatively short and reversible is named
An acute state of confusion, which is relatively short and reversible is named
Decubities are parts of picture of
Decubities are parts of picture of
Ageism means
Ageism means
Sleeping disorders in the elderly
Sleeping disorders in the elderly
Insomnia is
Insomnia is
Which are the most favourable antihypertensive drugs in the elderly
Which are the most favourable antihypertensive drugs in the elderly
Hypertension crisis in the old age is a serious issue in which
Hypertension crisis in the old age is a serious issue in which
3rd Degree AV Block in elderly should be treated by
3rd Degree AV Block in elderly should be treated by
Which tools are used to assess mental state of geriatric patient
Which tools are used to assess mental state of geriatric patient
Geriatrics main task as branch of medicine is to
Geriatrics main task as branch of medicine is to
We refer to a geriatric patient as one at the age of
We refer to a geriatric patient as one at the age of
Immune system of a geriatric patient is characterized by
Immune system of a geriatric patient is characterized by
Changes in the blood circulation system of a geriatric patient are characterized by
Changes in the blood circulation system of a geriatric patient are characterized by
Typical feature of geriatric patients illness development is
Typical feature of geriatric patients illness development is
Pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients is characterized by
Pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients is characterized by
Immobilization syndrome is associated with
Immobilization syndrome is associated with
Risk factors of immobility do NOT include
Risk factors of immobility do NOT include
Prior to planned surgical operation it is not necessary to stop administering
Prior to planned surgical operation it is not necessary to stop administering
In older patients
In older patients
Many finding that are abnormal in younger patients are relatively:
Many finding that are abnormal in younger patients are relatively:
Fundamental pathophysiologic features of hypertension in the elderly
Fundamental pathophysiologic features of hypertension in the elderly
Most common occupational diseases are
Most common occupational diseases are
Raynaud's phenomenon is not component part of
Raynaud's phenomenon is not component part of
To health chemical hazards at the work belongs
To health chemical hazards at the work belongs
To the most frequently reported occupational skin diseases belong
To the most frequently reported occupational skin diseases belong
The first choice in pharmacological treatment of raynaud syndrome are
The first choice in pharmacological treatment of raynaud syndrome are
Part of the elderly regularly use non-prescribed drugs, many of which cause significant symptoms and/or interact with other medications
Part of the elderly regularly use non-prescribed drugs, many of which cause significant symptoms and/or interact with other medications
Serum creatinine in old people is
Serum creatinine in old people is
average life expectance is now:
average life expectance is now:
Finally the older patients with multiple chronic condition:
Finally the older patients with multiple chronic condition:
Frequent of the eldery use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which:
Frequent of the eldery use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which:
The most frequent ethiological factor of lung cancer in miner is:
The most frequent ethiological factor of lung cancer in miner is:
The most common occupational infection diseases belongs :
The most common occupational infection diseases belongs :
Nearly 3/4 of the eldery regularly use nonprescribed drugs, many of which cause significant symptoms and/or interact with other medications. Frequent ofenders include nonprescribed agents for insomnia and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSAIDs:
Nearly 3/4 of the eldery regularly use nonprescribed drugs, many of which cause significant symptoms and/or interact with other medications. Frequent ofenders include nonprescribed agents for insomnia and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSAIDs:
Deaths attributed by occupational risks is higher at:
Deaths attributed by occupational risks is higher at:
Kussmal trias is clinical manifestation as:
Kussmal trias is clinical manifestation as:
International labour Organization and World Health Organization definition of Occupational Health is:
International labour Organization and World Health Organization definition of Occupational Health is:
Methacholine bronchoconstriction test is positive, if FEV1 will fall minimally of its basal
Methacholine bronchoconstriction test is positive, if FEV1 will fall minimally of its basal
Early localized infection of Lyme disease is characterized by:
Early localized infection of Lyme disease is characterized by:
Ethiological factor for liver angiosarcoma is:
Ethiological factor for liver angiosarcoma is:
Thus advers drug reactions and dosage errors are:
Thus advers drug reactions and dosage errors are:
Some select physiologic changes age ... (non si legge il continuo):
Some select physiologic changes age ... (non si legge il continuo):
If nonpharmacologic treatment of insomnia is unsuccessful, may be useful:
If nonpharmacologic treatment of insomnia is unsuccessful, may be useful:
Pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients is characterized by:
Pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients is characterized by:
certain features of the examination shoulf receive special attention, depending in part on clues from the history:
certain features of the examination shoulf receive special attention, depending in part on clues from the history:
Finally the older patients with multiple chronic condition:
Finally the older patients with multiple chronic condition:
which pathogenic agent is able to cause an infection of Q fever?
which pathogenic agent is able to cause an infection of Q fever?
one of the occupational disease that we can report:
one of the occupational disease that we can report:
An effective vaccination is available against:
An effective vaccination is available against:
A typical feature of asthma is the daily variability of PEF more than:
A typical feature of asthma is the daily variability of PEF more than:
hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by repeated inhalation of antigens:
hypersensitivity pneumonitis is caused by repeated inhalation of antigens:
Organophosphates intoxication is manifasted by:
Organophosphates intoxication is manifasted by:
some select physiologic changes age related of importabt organs systems in gastrointestinal:
some select physiologic changes age related of importabt organs systems in gastrointestinal:
average disability free remaining at men-women in 75-80 years is:
average disability free remaining at men-women in 75-80 years is:
insomnia is:
insomnia is:
Is recommended for prescription some pharmacological drugs:
Is recommended for prescription some pharmacological drugs:
Role and tasks of Occupational Health Services is not:
Role and tasks of Occupational Health Services is not:
Latent tubercolosis infection can be confirmed by:
Latent tubercolosis infection can be confirmed by:
occupational lung cancer is the most frequently induced by:
occupational lung cancer is the most frequently induced by:
in addition to impaired drug clearance, which alters pharmacokinetics, older patients have altered responses to similar serum drug levels. They are:
in addition to impaired drug clearance, which alters pharmacokinetics, older patients have altered responses to similar serum drug levels. They are:
Even beyong age 85:
Even beyong age 85:
select physiologic changes age related of important organs systems in general:
select physiologic changes age related of important organs systems in general:
some select physiological changes age related of importat organs systems in gastrointestinal:
some select physiological changes age related of importat organs systems in gastrointestinal:
evidence. Impact of active AH therapy on totale mortality in old patients (in age 80 years and more):many finding that are abnormal in younger patients are relatively:
evidence. Impact of active AH therapy on totale mortality in old patients (in age 80 years and more):many finding that are abnormal in younger patients are relatively:
Study HYVET was prematurely ended . In spite of that HYVET demostrated
Study HYVET was prematurely ended . In spite of that HYVET demostrated
some select physiologic changes age related of important organ system in musculoskeletal:
some select physiologic changes age related of important organ system in musculoskeletal:
some select physiologic changes age related of important organ system in renal:
some select physiologic changes age related of important organ system in renal:
some select physiologic changes age related of important organ system in hematologic/immune:
some select physiologic changes age related of important organ system in hematologic/immune:
serume kreatinine in old people is:
serume kreatinine in old people is:
This statistic has important demographic and economic implications. And its impact on medical care is also substancial: of all people who have ever lived to age 65, more than .... are now alive:
This statistic has important demographic and economic implications. And its impact on medical care is also substancial: of all people who have ever lived to age 65, more than .... are now alive:
some select physiologic changes age related of important organ system in genitourinary:
some select physiologic changes age related of important organ system in genitourinary:
Bysxssinosis (non si legge le lettere iniziali) is characteristic:
Bysxssinosis (non si legge le lettere iniziali) is characteristic:
Anaemia, neutropenia ,thrombocitopenia is typical for:
Anaemia, neutropenia ,thrombocitopenia is typical for:
Back pain can cause:
Back pain can cause:
Dermatomyositis is often associated with:
Dermatomyositis is often associated with:
Elevated levels of kreatinphosphokinesis is typical for:
Elevated levels of kreatinphosphokinesis is typical for:
For primary Sjogren syndrome is typical:
For primary Sjogren syndrome is typical:
For spondiloartheropaties is typical
For spondiloartheropaties is typical
Hyperuricaemia can be caused by:
Hyperuricaemia can be caused by:
Osteoblasts:
Osteoblasts:
Positivity of anti DNP antibodies is typical for:
Positivity of anti DNP antibodies is typical for:
risk factor that may not cause bone loss is:
risk factor that may not cause bone loss is:
The typical result of synovial fluid examination in gout is:
The typical result of synovial fluid examination in gout is:
we can measure the bone density in children by:
we can measure the bone density in children by:
which of the following is not a risk factor for osteoarthritis:
which of the following is not a risk factor for osteoarthritis:
which symptom does not belong to the clinical picture of polyarteritis nodosa:
which symptom does not belong to the clinical picture of polyarteritis nodosa:
RAIDS (reactive airway disfunction syndrome) is:
RAIDS (reactive airway disfunction syndrome) is:
which disorder of vocal cord is voice neurosis?
which disorder of vocal cord is voice neurosis?
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs systems in hematologic/immune:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs systems in hematologic/immune:
Objective of Study HYVET-COG was:
Objective of Study HYVET-COG was:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs systems in renal:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs systems in renal:
Serum kreatinine in old people is:
Serum kreatinine in old people is:
Certain features of the examination should receive special attention, depending in part on clues from the history:
Certain features of the examination should receive special attention, depending in part on clues from the history:
Pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients is characterized by:
Pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients is characterized by:
In addition to impaired drug clearence, which alters pharmacokinetics, older patients (pts) have altered responses to similar ser levels (a phenomen knownas altered pharmacodynamics). They are:
In addition to impaired drug clearence, which alters pharmacokinetics, older patients (pts) have altered responses to similar ser levels (a phenomen knownas altered pharmacodynamics). They are:
Psychosis (inadequate laugh, euphoria, impulsive negotiation, mixed-upness, aggressively, hallucinations) occurs intoxication
Psychosis (inadequate laugh, euphoria, impulsive negotiation, mixed-upness, aggressively, hallucinations) occurs intoxication
In the diagnosis of dermatosis it is possible to use (select the most appropriate claim):
In the diagnosis of dermatosis it is possible to use (select the most appropriate claim):
Lead intoxication symptom is:
Lead intoxication symptom is:
Carpal tunnel syndrome treatment include:
Carpal tunnel syndrome treatment include:
Raynaud syndrome is the present of:
Raynaud syndrome is the present of:
Gold standard in diagnosis of TBC is:
Gold standard in diagnosis of TBC is:
Relative short latency period (often 3 – 5 years) between the exposition to carcinogen and manifestation of cancer we can see
Relative short latency period (often 3 – 5 years) between the exposition to carcinogen and manifestation of cancer we can see
Most common musculoskeletal and neurological occupational diseases is:
Most common musculoskeletal and neurological occupational diseases is:
Immune System of a geriatric patient is characterized by:
Immune System of a geriatric patient is characterized by:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequencs) age related of important organs systems in cardiovascular
Some select physiologic changes (or consequencs) age related of important organs systems in cardiovascular
Average disability-free remaining at men/women in 75-80
Average disability-free remaining at men/women in 75-80
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs systems in nervous:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs systems in nervous:
During nasal provocation test we evaluate:
During nasal provocation test we evaluate:
Mechanism of plethysmography is in:
Mechanism of plethysmography is in:
Etiological factor for liver angiosarcoma is:
Etiological factor for liver angiosarcoma is:
The higher EU-27 labour force works at domain:
The higher EU-27 labour force works at domain:
Typical X-ray signs of complicate silicosis are:
Typical X-ray signs of complicate silicosis are:
Is recommended for presciption some pharmacological drugs:
Is recommended for presciption some pharmacological drugs:
Fundamental pathophysiologic features of hypertension in the elderly:
Fundamental pathophysiologic features of hypertension in the elderly:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs systems in eyes and ears:
Some select physiologic changes (or consequences) age related of important organs systems in eyes and ears:
impingement syndrome of shoulders cannot be diagnosed:
impingement syndrome of shoulders cannot be diagnosed:
Caprolactam, according The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), belongs to the
Caprolactam, according The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), belongs to the
RADS (Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome) is
RADS (Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome) is
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by:
Study Notes
Geriatric Health
- Elderly patients are 2-3 times more likely to experience adverse drug reactions due to age-related changes in organ function and metabolism, decreased kidney and liver function, and polypharmacy.
- Polypharmacy in the elderly is common with many using non-prescribed medications which can have significant side effects and interact with other medications.
- The HYVET study demonstrated a significant impact of ACE inhibitor treatment on total mortality in patients aged 80 years and older, suggesting potential benefits in managing hypertension.
- Key cardiovascular changes in the elderly include decreased heart rate variability, increased stiffness of the aorta, and decreased baroreceptor sensitivity.
- Evaluation of elderly patients should include assessing functional status, cognitive function, mood, nutritional status, and medication use, to help identify potential problems and optimize care.
- Adverse drug reactions and dosage errors are more common in the elderly due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and polypharmacy.
- Age-related hematologic changes include decreased bone marrow function, increased risk of anemia, and impaired immune function.
- The highest pre-operative risk in elderly patients is associated with the presence of pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and chronic lung disease.
- Third-degree AV block in the elderly should be treated by permanent pacemaker implantation.
- Serum creatinine levels in older individuals are often elevated due to age-related decline in kidney function, but may not necessarily indicate kidney disease.
- Immobilization syndrome, common among elderly patients, is associated with increased risks of falls, pressure ulcers, and pneumonia.
- Sleeping disorders are prevalent in the elderly and include insomnia, restless leg syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep-disordered breathing.
- Blood circulation changes in geriatric patients include reduced blood vessel elasticity, decreased heart output, and increased risk of thrombosis.
- Risk factors for immobility in elderly populations do not include age itself – but rather include factors such as underlying medical conditions, polypharmacy, and lack of physical activity.
- Calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics are favored antihypertensive drugs for the elderly due to their favorable side effect profiles and effectiveness in lowering blood pressure.
- A geriatric patient is typically defined as someone aged 65 years or older.
Occupational Health
- Occupational asthma typically presents with a history of respiratory symptoms that are work-related, with symptoms improving outside of the work environment.
- EU safety and health at work regulations include measures to prevent and protect workers from occupational hazards.
- Occupational diseases from long-term, repetitive, and one-sided loading can affect the musculoskeletal system, causing conditions such as epicondylitis and carpal tunnel syndrome.
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorizes agents, mixtures, and exposures based on their available evidence of carcinogenicity.
- Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is a significant risk factor for lung cancer, particularly among miners and workers in enclosed environments.
- Work-exacerbated asthma is triggered by exposure to specific workplace substances, such as dusts, fumes, or chemicals.
- Calcium channel blockers are the first-line pharmacological treatment for Raynaud's syndrome to improve blood flow in affected areas.
- Early, localized Lyme disease is characterized by a distinctive skin rash called erythema migrans, often at the site of a tick bite.
- Organophosphate intoxication manifests with symptoms including sweating, salivation, muscle weakness, and respiratory distress.
- Occupational exposure to benzene is a significant risk factor for acute myeloid leukemia.
- Tinel's sign, a tingling sensation in the fingers upon tapping the median nerve at the wrist, is commonly observed in carpal tunnel syndrome.
- Pneumoconiosis is generally diagnosed using chest X-ray imaging to identify characteristic patterns of lung abnormalities.
- Teachers and singers are among the most common occupations associated with a high risk of vocal cord disorders.
- Pneumoconiosis cannot be caused by exposure to environmental pollutants – it is specifically caused by inhaling mineral dusts in various work settings.
- X-ray shadows of small opacities (under 1 cm), according to the International Labour Office (ILO) standardisation, are graded using categories 0-3 based on their size, number, and distribution.
- Typical chest X-ray signs of simple silicosis include small, rounded opacities in the upper lung fields.
- De Quervain's tenosynovitis (a condition affecting the thumb side of the wrist), is not an
occupational diseasefrom long-term, overuse, and one-sided loading of the upper extremities. - The gold standard in the diagnostic algorithm for occupational asthma is to demonstrate a positive relationship between exposure to a workplace allergen and respiratory symptoms.
- Raynaud's phenomenon is not a component of Dupuytren's contracture (a condition affecting the hand where the fingers curl inward), which mainly affects the palmar fascia.
- Occupational health is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the health and well-being of workers.
- Occupational hygiene aims to prevent workplace hazards and promote safe and healthy working conditions.
- The European Union (EU) regulates occupational diseases under specific directives and frameworks, ensuring worker protection and compensation for related illnesses.
- The most common risk at work is the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, due to prolonged sitting, repetitive motions, and heavy lifting.
- Loudness risk at work is defined when the average noise level over an eight-hour workday exceeds 85 decibels.
- Raynaud’s phenomenon is not a component of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) – it is a component of a systemic condition, and it is not a component of local, isolated symptoms.
- Tinel’s sign is present at the wrist, when tapping the median nerve.
- De Quervain's tenosynovitis (a condition affecting the thumb side of the wrist) is not an occupational disease from long-term, overuse, and one-sided loading of the upper extremities.
- Occupational diseases caused from long-term, overuse, and one-sided loading typically affect the musculoskeletal system, such as the shoulders, elbows, wrists, and hands.
- Characteristic X-ray patterns of complicated silicosis include larger opacities, irregular shapes, and evidence of fibrosis and lung lesions.
- Other disorders from work that can be reported as occupational diseases include mental health conditions, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as other exposure-related illnesses.
- Pneumoconiosis are lung diseases caused by inhaling mineral dusts, which are often found in various industrial settings.
- Pleural plaques and asbestos-related lung cancer are not complications of pulmonary asbestosis – they are associated with exposure to asbestos.
- Chronic epicondylitis, a condition affecting the outside of the elbow, can be caused by repetitive activities that strain the tendons in that area.
- There is no causal drug treatment for silicosis, as the condition is caused by irreversible lung scarring.
- Occupational infection diseases include infections acquired through exposure to biological agents in specific work settings, such as healthcare, agriculture, and laboratory work.
- Intoxications most frequently occur in workplaces with exposure to toxic substances, such as chemicals, aerosols, and fumes.
- Plethysmography is a technique used to measure lung volumes and capacities, which are crucial in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases.
- Neer's test, a maneuver to assess for rotator cuff injuries, is present during examination if pain is elicited upon raising the arm to a specific position.
- Occupational cancer is a significant public health concern and includes various types of cancer associated with specific workplace exposures.
- Latent tubercolosis cannot be fully excluded by a negative tuberculin skin test, as the results can be falsely negative, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.
- Benzene exposure is a significant risk factor for acute myeloid leukemia, an aggressive type of blood cancer.
- Cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses, also known as nasopharyngeal cancer, can be caused by prolonged exposure to wood dust, chromates, and nickel compounds.
- Asthma is characterized by the daily variability of peak expiratory flow (PEF), which measures the maximum rate of air expulsion from the lungs.
- A bronchodilatation test is considered positive if the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) increases by at least 12% after inhaling a bronchodilator medication, indicating a response to the medication.
- Occupational asthma typically presents with a history of respiratory symptoms that are work-related, with symptoms improving outside of the work environment, and often with a clear trigger substance.
- The most common etiological factors of occupational rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal lining) include exposure to dusts, chemicals, and allergens (e.g., pollen, mold spores).
- Functional examination methods of the upper airways include measuring nasal airflow, assessing nasal patency, and examining the vocal cords.
- Non-specific bronchoconstriction test and nasal provocation tests are applied to assess the airway's sensitivity to specific stimuli, such as cold air, exercise, or known allergen.
- In ILO standardisation, X-ray shadows of small opacities (under 1 cm) are categorized into different groups based on their size, number, and distribution.
- Occupational health is a diverse field focused on promoting the health of workers and ensuring their safety and well-being in the workplace.
- Occupational hygiene aims to prevent workplace hazards and promote safe and healthy working conditions.
- The EU regulates occupational diseases under specific directives and frameworks, ensuring worker protection and compensation for related illnesses.
- A noise risk at work is defined when the average noise level over an eight-hour workday exceeds 85 decibels, although the acceptable limits can vary depending on the specific tasks and industries.
- Psychosis – characterized by inadequate laughter, euphoria, impulsive negotiation, mixed-upness, aggression, and hallucinations – can occur as a result of intoxication by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as toluene, acetone, and other industrial solvents.
- Kussmaul's triad is a clinical manifestation characterized by increased jugular venous pressure, muffled heart sounds, and distended neck veins.
- Plethysmography is a technique used to measure changes in volume, often in the limbs, to assess blood flow and circulation, especially in conditions like Raynaud's phenomenon.
- Among the occupational cancers, exposure to specific carcinogens like asbestos, benzene, and radon is associated with an increased risk of developing diseases involving lung, bladder, and blood cancers.
- Although various metals are neurotoxic, Mercury is not typically considered to be neurotoxic. However, exposure to mercury can pose potential risks to neurological health, particularly in the brain and nervous system.
- The most common etiological factors of occupational rhinitis include exposure to dusts, chemicals, and allergens (e.g., pollen, mold spores).
- Non-specific bronchoconstriction tests and nasal provocation tests use substances that cause bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the airways), typically using a nebulizer or inhalation device.
- X-ray shadows of small opacities (under 1 cm), following the International Labour Office Standardisation (ILO), are categorized into different groups based on their size, number, and distribution, providing valuable information in diagnosing pneumoconiosis.
- Isolated systolic hypertension is the most common form of hypertension in the elderly population.
- Delirium is the acute state of confusion, which is relatively short and reversible.
- Decubitus ulcers are parts of immobility syndrome.
- Ageism is the prejudice and discrimination against older people.
- Sleeping disorders in the elderly include insomnia, restless leg syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep-disordered breathing.
- Insomnia is characterized by difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep.
- Calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics are favored antihypertensive drugs for the elderly due to their favorable side effect profiles and effectiveness in lowering blood pressure.
- Hypertension crisis in the old age is a serious issue in which very high blood pressure can lead to strokes, heart attacks, or other complications.
- 3rd Degree AV Block in elderly should be treated by Permanent Pacemaker implantation.
- Mental state of geriatric patient can be assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
- Geriatrics main task as branch of medicine is to promote health and well-being of older adults.
- We refer to a geriatric patient as one at the age of 65 years or older.
- Immune system of a geriatric patient is characterized by decreased immune function with increased susceptibility to infections.
- Changes in the blood circulation system of a geriatric patient are characterized by reduced blood vessel elasticity, decreased heart output, and increased risk of thrombosis (blood clots).
- Typical feature of geriatric patients illness development is slower onset of symptoms.
- Pharmacotherapy of geriatric patients is characterized by the increased risk of adverse drug reactions due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and polypharmacy.
- Immobilization syndrome is associated with decreased mobility, muscle weakness, and increased risk of falls, pressure ulcers, and pneumonia.
- Risk factors of immobility do NOT include age itself – but rather include factors such as underlying medical conditions, polypharmacy, and lack of physical activity.
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Description
This quiz focuses on understanding how diseases manifest and present in elderly populations. Participants will explore unique symptoms, risks, and considerations relevant to aging individuals. Enhance your knowledge of geriatric health care and disease management.
