Disease Epidemiology Vocabulary Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the term for the constant presence of a disease within a specific geographic area?

Epidemic

Endemic (correct)

Cohort

Emerging pathogen

Which characteristic defines a chronic disease?

Long-lasting with gradual onset (correct)

Always transmissible between individuals

Short duration with severe symptoms

Immediate onset with mild symptoms

What does the term 'cohort' refer to in epidemiology?

A method of direct transmission of diseases

A geographical area with high disease prevalence

A group of people with a common experience or exposure (correct)

A population that is affected by an epidemic

Which statement accurately describes direct transmission?

Immediate transfer into the body through contact Signup and view all the answers

What is an emerging pathogen?

A previously eradicated pathogen returning to areas Signup and view all the answers

What do epidemiologists study?

Distribution and determinants of health-related states Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the epidemiologic triad?

To model the causal relationship of infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an epidemic?

A sudden increase in the number of disease cases above expected levels Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an acute disease?

A disease with a short period of onset and often severe symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines a carrier in epidemiology?

A person or animal that harbors an infectious agent and can transmit it Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'attack rate' refer to?

The proportion of persons at risk who develop a disease during a specified time period Signup and view all the answers

What is a confirmed case in epidemiology?

A case that has been diagnosed using a reliable confirmation method Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiological studies, what does a case-control study involve?

Identifying individuals based on their disease status for comparison Signup and view all the answers

What defines a primary case in an epidemic?

A case that was the first identified during an investigation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a probable case in epidemiology?

It meets clinical definitions with pending confirmation Signup and view all the answers

What does bias imply in the context of epidemiological studies?

A systematic error leading to incorrect conclusions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disease Epidemiology Vocabulary

Acute: Refers to diseases with a rapid onset, often short-lived, and can have severe symptoms.
Agent: A crucial component for disease occurrence, which can be microorganisms, chemicals, or radiation.
Attack Rate: A specific incident rate calculated for a defined population during a limited observation time, particularly useful during epidemics.
Bias: Systematic differences in data collection and interpretation that lead to inaccurate conclusions.
Carrier: An individual or animal that holds a specific infectious agent, capable of transmission. Can be asymptomatic, or present during various stages of disease.
Case: A measurable instance of a disease or health disorder within a population or study group.
Confirmed Case: A case that has been verified as having a disease, typically through specific diagnostic methods.
Index Case: The first reported instance of a disease that attracts the attention of health authorities.
Primary Case: The initial occurrence of a disease within a population.
Probable Case: Individuals showing clinical signs of a disease who have preliminary diagnoses or lab results meeting confirmation criteria.
Secondary Case: Individuals who become infected through contact with the primary case.
Suspect Case: Individuals exhibiting signs or symptoms of a disease, waiting for confirmation.
Case-Control Study: An observational study that contrasts individuals with a disease (cases) against those without (controls), to identify common factors.
Chain of Infection: Describes the pathway an infectious agent takes from reservoir through exit portal, mode of transmission, entry portal, to a susceptible host.
Chronic: A long-lasting disease, often with gradual onset, that may last a lifetime, though symptom severity can escalate over time.
Cohort: A defined group sharing a common experience or exposure, followed over time to observe the incidence of new diseases.
Communicable: Diseases that can be transmitted between individuals through direct contact or indirect means like vectors.
Endemic: The ongoing presence of a disease within a particular geographic area or population.
Direct Transmission: A method of disease transmission involving direct contact or droplets entering the body through various means.
Disease: Refers to any structural or functional disorder in an individual that can produce symptoms.
Emerging Pathogen: A newly recognized pathogen that is spreading to new locations or re-emerging in previously cleared areas.
Enzootic: Pertains to diseases that regularly affect animal populations but may not cause widespread outbreaks.
Epidemic: Occurs when disease cases exceed expected numbers in a specific area within a defined time frame.
Epidemiologic Triad: The classical model depicting the interaction of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an appropriate environment for disease occurrence.
Epidemiology: The science studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations, aimed at controlling health issues.
Analytic Epidemiology: The branch of epidemiology focused on understanding the causes and mechanisms behind health problems.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of key terms in disease epidemiology with this vocabulary quiz. Understand essential concepts like acute diseases, agents, and attack rates. Perfect for students studying public health or related fields.