Disease and Man Overview

Disease and Man

• Disease Definition: A condition impairing cell, tissue, or organ function, negatively impacting overall health.
• Disease Types:
  • Pathogenic: Caused by invading organisms (viruses, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, worms). Invading organisms live on or inside a host organism.
  • Deficiency: Caused by a lack of nutrients (vitamins, minerals).
  • Hereditary: Caused by genes passed down generations. Treated with genetic counseling, typically no cure.
  • Physiological: Caused by organ malfunction. Often linked to lifestyle choices (e.g. diet, exercise)
• Pathogenic Disease Treatment/Control: Involves killing the invading organism and treating symptoms. Control measures include limiting exposure to conditions increasing infection risk.
• Deficiency Disease Control: Educating individuals on balanced diets and consuming deficient nutrients/vitamins/minerals.
• Hereditary Disease Control: Genetic counseling to identify and manage risks.
• Physiological Disease Control: Modifying lifestyle choices (e.g., improving diet, exercise).
• Mosquito Life Cycle: Includes egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Adult mosquitoes emerge from the pupa stage and fly. Eggs hatch into larvae that feed in water. Mosquitoes lay eggs in standing water.
• Mosquito as Disease Vector: Mosquitoes transmit diseases like yellow fever, malaria, dengue, Zika, and chikungunya through their saliva
• Mosquito Control Methods:
  • Draining stagnant water
  • Oil on water surface
  • Insecticides (e.g., benzene hexachloride)
  • Biological control (e.g, bacteria)
• Social and Economic Implications of Disease:
  • Grief and loss of life due to disease.
  • Loss of skilled workers and productivity.
  • Cost of treatment.
  • Loss of livestock and agricultural crops.