Podcast
Questions and Answers
How did the professors perceive the equally qualified female applicant compared to her male counterpart?
How did the professors perceive the equally qualified female applicant compared to her male counterpart?
- Equally competent and employable
- More competent but less employable
- Less competent and less employable (correct)
- More competent and more employable
What was the difference in expected pay between the female and male applicants as indicated by the professors?
What was the difference in expected pay between the female and male applicants as indicated by the professors?
- $3700 less for the female (correct)
- Equal pay for both
- $2000 less for the male
- $3700 more for the female
Which of the following refers to positive or negative behavior directed toward a social group?
Which of the following refers to positive or negative behavior directed toward a social group?
- Inequality
- Prejudice
- Discrimination (correct)
- Segregation
What is suggested by the evidence from studies comparing Black and White candidates?
What is suggested by the evidence from studies comparing Black and White candidates?
What was a consequence of the former South African system of apartheid?
What was a consequence of the former South African system of apartheid?
Despite many forms of discrimination being illegal, what still occurs in society?
Despite many forms of discrimination being illegal, what still occurs in society?
What does the term discrimination imply when a specific group is negatively treated?
What does the term discrimination imply when a specific group is negatively treated?
What is often focused on when discussing discrimination, even though other forms exist?
What is often focused on when discussing discrimination, even though other forms exist?
What ratio of positive to negative behaviors was reported by participants?
What ratio of positive to negative behaviors was reported by participants?
Which group did participants have a more favorable impression of?
Which group did participants have a more favorable impression of?
What is a primary reason participants formed an illusory correlation about Group B?
What is a primary reason participants formed an illusory correlation about Group B?
What type of behaviors are said to have the greatest impact on group impressions?
What type of behaviors are said to have the greatest impact on group impressions?
How does the occurrence of distinctive characteristics influence perception?
How does the occurrence of distinctive characteristics influence perception?
What does the correspondence biases discuss in terms of group perception?
What does the correspondence biases discuss in terms of group perception?
What was the outcome when observers judged criminal acts among groups?
What was the outcome when observers judged criminal acts among groups?
What tends to bias our perceptions of doctors and ministers?
What tends to bias our perceptions of doctors and ministers?
What muscle activity is associated with positive responses in the task described?
What muscle activity is associated with positive responses in the task described?
What is the primary method used to measure participants' responses in the tasks?
What is the primary method used to measure participants' responses in the tasks?
Which combination of names and words is more difficult for most White participants?
Which combination of names and words is more difficult for most White participants?
In what way does the performance on the combined tasks vary?
In what way does the performance on the combined tasks vary?
Which sequence number indicates an easier task for participants?
Which sequence number indicates an easier task for participants?
What traits are commonly associated with French Canadians by English Canadians?
What traits are commonly associated with French Canadians by English Canadians?
How do stereotypes impact the perception of men and women in leadership?
How do stereotypes impact the perception of men and women in leadership?
Which of the following stereotypes are commonly associated with Caucasian men, according to Russian views?
Which of the following stereotypes are commonly associated with Caucasian men, according to Russian views?
What is a common stereotype associated with women in general?
What is a common stereotype associated with women in general?
What emotions do group stereotypes often incorporate?
What emotions do group stereotypes often incorporate?
What stereotype do White adults in the U.S. still associate with Hispanics and Blacks?
What stereotype do White adults in the U.S. still associate with Hispanics and Blacks?
According to the research mentioned, where have gender stereotypes been found?
According to the research mentioned, where have gender stereotypes been found?
What behavior might be stereotypically expected from gay men?
What behavior might be stereotypically expected from gay men?
Which emotion was most frequently reported in cross-group interactions?
Which emotion was most frequently reported in cross-group interactions?
What often causes anxiety during interactions between groups?
What often causes anxiety during interactions between groups?
What stereotype do Blacks often face during interactions with Whites in the U.S.?
What stereotype do Blacks often face during interactions with Whites in the U.S.?
What physiological indicator of stress was measured in the study involving White college students?
What physiological indicator of stress was measured in the study involving White college students?
Why does the desire to appear non-prejudiced create discomfort in cross-group interactions?
Why does the desire to appear non-prejudiced create discomfort in cross-group interactions?
What kind of goals may different groups pursue during interactions that can lead to negative emotions?
What kind of goals may different groups pursue during interactions that can lead to negative emotions?
Which of the following emotions is least likely to be felt in cross-group interactions?
Which of the following emotions is least likely to be felt in cross-group interactions?
What outcome was observed when White college students interacted with a Black research assistant?
What outcome was observed when White college students interacted with a Black research assistant?
What is a common misconception upheld by members of dominant groups regarding inequality?
What is a common misconception upheld by members of dominant groups regarding inequality?
How do stereotypes linked to low-status groups function in society?
How do stereotypes linked to low-status groups function in society?
What is the 'just-world belief' as described in the content?
What is the 'just-world belief' as described in the content?
What effect was demonstrated in the study involving a woman receiving painful electric shocks?
What effect was demonstrated in the study involving a woman receiving painful electric shocks?
Which groups are often subjected to derogatory views due to the just-world belief?
Which groups are often subjected to derogatory views due to the just-world belief?
How do high-status groups typically perceive their competencies compared to low-status groups?
How do high-status groups typically perceive their competencies compared to low-status groups?
Which of the following is a consequence of believing in just-world assumptions?
Which of the following is a consequence of believing in just-world assumptions?
What role do stereotypes play in maintaining social inequalities?
What role do stereotypes play in maintaining social inequalities?
Flashcards
Discrimination
Discrimination
Unfair treatment based on a person's group membership, often resulting in negative consequences.
Discrimination (Behavior)
Discrimination (Behavior)
Positive or negative actions directed toward a social group. It can be both negative (e.g., against a specific group) and positive (e.g., favoring a particular group).
Stereotypes
Stereotypes
Preconceived beliefs about a group that are often oversimplified and may be inaccurate.
Stereotype-Based Judgment
Stereotype-Based Judgment
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Stereotype Activation
Stereotype Activation
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Apartheid (as an example of Discrimination)
Apartheid (as an example of Discrimination)
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Motivations for Stereotyping
Motivations for Stereotyping
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Overcoming Prejudice and Stereotype Effects
Overcoming Prejudice and Stereotype Effects
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Social Stereotypes
Social Stereotypes
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Gender Stereotypes
Gender Stereotypes
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Prevalence of Gender Stereotypes
Prevalence of Gender Stereotypes
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Group Stereotyping
Group Stereotyping
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Emotional Stereotypes
Emotional Stereotypes
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Generalization and Stereotyping
Generalization and Stereotyping
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Social Influences on Stereotyping
Social Influences on Stereotyping
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Cross-Group Anxiety
Cross-Group Anxiety
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Desire to Appear Non-Prejudiced
Desire to Appear Non-Prejudiced
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Stressful Effects of Cross-Racial Interaction
Stressful Effects of Cross-Racial Interaction
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Cortisol
Cortisol
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Lack of Familiarity
Lack of Familiarity
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Differing Goals in Cross-Group Interactions
Differing Goals in Cross-Group Interactions
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Stereotypes in Cross-Group Interactions
Stereotypes in Cross-Group Interactions
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Awkwardness and Frustration
Awkwardness and Frustration
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Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
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Corrugator muscles
Corrugator muscles
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Zygomatic muscles
Zygomatic muscles
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Reaction Time
Reaction Time
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Compatibility Effect
Compatibility Effect
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Just World Belief
Just World Belief
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Blaming the Victim
Blaming the Victim
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Stereotyping
Stereotyping
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Status Differences & Stereotypes
Status Differences & Stereotypes
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Stereotypes Justifying Inequality
Stereotypes Justifying Inequality
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Perpetuating Inequality
Perpetuating Inequality
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Illusory Correlation
Illusory Correlation
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Distinctiveness Bias
Distinctiveness Bias
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Social Roles and Correspondence Bias
Social Roles and Correspondence Bias
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Illusory Correlation in Small Groups
Illusory Correlation in Small Groups
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Double Distinctiveness
Double Distinctiveness
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Correspondence Bias
Correspondence Bias
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Cognitive Heuristics
Cognitive Heuristics
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Limited Encounters and Group Judgments
Limited Encounters and Group Judgments
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Study Notes
Perceiving Groups
- Social perception and prejudice
- Discrimination is behaviour toward a social group and its members, either positive or negative.
- Stereotypes: Mental representations of a social group, linking characteristics and emotions to a group.
- Prejudice: A positive or negative evaluation of, or a feeling about, a social group.
- Social discrimination may not fit laws but can still cause harm in situations like employment, purchasing a home, or salary negotiation.
- Examples of targets of prejudice: race, religion, gender, age, social status, and cultural background.
- Stereotypes can be positive or negative, and some reflect true differences in groups but in an exaggerated way.
Forming Impressions of Groups: Establishing Stereotypes
- Stereotypes include characteristics of a group which can include physical appearance, goals, interests, opinions, etc. Some stereotypes reflect actual group differences, but in an exaggerated way. Others aren't accurate.
- Example Stereotypes
- College students
- Accountants
- Truck Drivers
- Stereotypes are based on mental images of what groups look like and what they do.
- Stereotypes can sometimes be positive but can still be harmful and negative.
- Example Positive Stereotype:
- Asian Americans are great students.
- Problems with positive stereotypes
- They imply that everyone in the group is the same.
- They ignore the individuality of people in that group.
- They may be part of a pattern of paternalistic attitudes towards a group that might reinforce weakness and dependence within that group.
Seeking the Motives Behind Stereotyping
- Early theorists: Prejudice and extreme negative stereotypes arise from deep inner conflicts in individuals.
- Social psychologists have other motives:
- Mastery
- Connectedness to others
- Justifying inequalities
Motives for Forming Stereotypes: Mastery through Summarizing Personal Experiences
- Stereotypes can be learned through direct personal experience or through media
- Positive or negative emotions during interactions influence perceptions of groups.
- Social roles influence group member behaviours that may be incorrectly assumed as characteristics of the group.
Motives for Forming Stereotypes: Justifying Inequalities.
- Stereotypes are often used to justify existing social inequalities.
- Stereotype usage can portray groups in a way to suggest their roles and positions are deserved.
- Examples:
- In Taiwan, people from mainland China who fled the Communists still dominate.
- In the US, gaps exist between men and women and whites and people of colour.
- It's thought that people believe the world is fair and meritocratic, thus bad situations are justified by the people involved and that they must have deserved it.
Using Stereotypes: From Preconceptions to Prejudice
- Stereotypes can activate prejudice through pre-conceived ideas and judgments.
- Stereotype effects become evident in quick judgments or emotional situations.
- Confirmation of the stereotype is sought when given unclear or ambiguous information.
- Stereotypes can be activated automatically.
Impact of Stereotypes on Judgments and Actions
- Stereotypes can affect interpretations of behaviour.
- They influence judgments under time pressure and high emotions.
- Stereotypes can affect more serious judgments, such as the decision to shoot or not shoot.
- Stereotypes can be activated automatically, potentially influencing life-or-death decisions.
Effects of Cognitive Capacity
- Time pressure, stress, and lack of cognitive resources can increase reliance on stereotypes in judgments.
Hot Topics in Social Psychology: Intersections of Race and Gender Categories
- Intersectionality: Multiple dimensions of categorization influencing perceptions, like race and gender.
- Overlapping stereotypes.
- Example: Black men
- Example: Asian women
Trying to Overcome Prejudice and Stereotype Effects
- Suppressing stereotypes: Not always effective
- Correcting biased judgments: Trying to be unbiased, but possible for judgments to be overly positive as a form of correction.
- Activating counterstereotypic information: Can be effective by generating counter images.
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Description
This quiz explores the social dynamics related to gender perception, discrimination, and the consequences of apartheid. Participants will evaluate how equally qualified candidates are perceived differently based on gender and the implications of social behavior towards various groups. Test your understanding of these important social issues and current societal challenges.
