9 Questions
What is the difference between discrete data and continuous data?
Discrete data is countable and finite, while continuous data is uncountable and infinite.
What does the slope of a distance vs. time graph indicate?
The speed of the object
How can you convert kilometers to meters?
Multiply by 1000
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector quantity.
According to Newton's second law of motion, what is the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?
$F = ma$
In terms of forces, what does it mean when forces are balanced?
Forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
What quantity does a force vector represent?
Magnitude and direction
What happens when an object undergoes negative acceleration?
$F = ma$ applies as usual.
What does Newton's first law of motion state?
$F = 0$ unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Study Notes
Data Types
- Discrete data: finite values that can be counted
- Continuous data: infinite possible values that can be measured
Distance-Time Graphs
- Distance: usually measured in meters
- Time: usually measured in seconds
- Slope: represents speed (rate of change of distance)
- Straight line on a distance-time graph indicates constant speed
Speed and Velocity
- Speed: magnitude of movement (distance divided by time)
- Velocity: magnitude and direction of movement
- Acceleration: rate of change of velocity (can be positive or negative)
Unit Conversions
- 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m)
- To convert meters to kilometers, divide by 1000
- To convert kilometers to meters, multiply by 1000
- 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 meters (m)
- To convert meters to centimeters, multiply by 100
- To convert centimeters to meters, divide by 100
Acceleration
- Acceleration: rate of change of velocity (includes time and final velocity minus initial velocity divided by time)
- Object accelerates when forces are unbalanced
- Object has constant speed or is motionless when forces are balanced
Laws of Motion
Law 1: Inertia
- Objects in motion or at rest remain in that state unless an unbalanced force acts upon them
- Without gravity, objects would not change their motion
Law 2: Force, Mass, and Acceleration
- Force (measured in Newtons): mass multiplied by acceleration (F = ma)
- Mass: amount of matter in an object
- Objects with more mass move slower, while objects with less mass move faster
Law 3: Action and Reaction
- For every action (force) in nature, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Forces
- Force: push or pull that can cause a change in direction, size, shape, motion, and speed
- Measured in Newtons (N)
- Force has magnitude and direction (vector)
- Balanced force: net force is zero, no change in motion
- Unbalanced force: net force is not zero, causes change in motion
Test your knowledge on discrete and continuous data, interpreting distance-time graphs, understanding speed and slope, and converting units of measurement. Practice converting meters to kilometers and seconds to hours.
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