Discovering Spirochaetes
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic morphology of T. pallidum?

  • Regular coils with pointed ends and very thin (correct)
  • Spherical shape with flagella
  • Long, segmented rods
  • Irregular coils with rounded ends and thick

How is T. pallidum observed in laboratory settings?

  • Simple light microscopy of stained preparations
  • Dark-field microscopy and direct immunofluorescence (correct)
  • Gram staining and culture on artificial media
  • Electron microscopy of fixed specimens

What is the mode of transmission for T. pallidum leading to venereal syphilis?

  • Sexual transmission (correct)
  • Airborne transmission
  • Fecal-oral transmission
  • Vector-borne transmission

Why is T. pallidum not transmissible by stored blood?

<p>It dies when stored at 4°C within 3-5 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for screening congenital syphilis 6-18 months after treatment?

<p>Detection of treponemal IgM antibodies in newborn’s serum by EIA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?

<p>Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test cannot be used to determine response to treatment?

<p>Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for screening due to being inexpensive, rapid, and simple?

<p>VDRL test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test detects non-treponemal antibodies known as reagin?

<p>Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test uses the antigen called cardiolipin extracted from beef heart muscle with added lipids?

<p>VDRL test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Spirochetes?

<p>Gram-negative cell wall structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important species of Treponema, which causes syphilis?

<p>T. pallidum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is T. pallidum observed in laboratory settings?

<p>Dark-field microscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can T. pallidum not be grown on artificial culture media?

<p>It is a human parasite with no animal or environmental reservoirs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for T. pallidum leading to venereal syphilis?

<p>Sexual transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?

<p>Treponemal test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic morphology of T. pallidum?

<p>Regular coils with pointed ends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transmission leads to congenital syphilis?

<p>Transplacental transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic motility of Spirochetes due to?

<p>Presence of axial filaments (endoflagella) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test detects non-treponemal antibodies known as reagin?

<p>Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of untreated cases progress to tertiary syphilis?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does T. pallidum die when stored at 4°C within 3-5 days?

<p>It has no animal or environmental reservoirs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for screening due to being inexpensive, rapid, and simple?

<p>Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test detects specific treponemal antibodies?

<p>Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic morphology of T. pallidum?

<p>Spiral-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?

<p>Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for T. pallidum leading to venereal syphilis?

<p>Sexual contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test uses the antigen called cardiolipin extracted from beef heart muscle with added lipids?

<p>Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test cannot be used to determine response to treatment?

<p>Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is T. pallidum observed in laboratory settings?

<p>Dark-field microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for screening congenital syphilis 6-18 months after treatment?

<p>Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?

<p>Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for screening due to being inexpensive, rapid, and simple?

<p>Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is T. pallidum not transmissible by stored blood?

<p>It cannot survive outside the human body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Borrelia recurrenits?

<p>Human body louse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Borrelia species is most significant in causing Tick-borne relapsing fever?

<p>B. hermsii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscopy is typically used to visualize Borreliae?

<p>Giemsa stain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the growth environment preference for Borrelia species in culture?

<p>Microaerophilic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of the incubation period for leptospirosis?

<p>7 to 14 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

<p>Leptospira interrogans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of leptospirosis characterized by?

<p>Febrile influenza-like illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animals act as reservoirs for Leptospira interrogans?

<p>Rodents, dogs, swine, and cattle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is leptospirosis typically transmitted to humans?

<p>Consumption of contaminated food or drink (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs are considered the treatment of choice for leptospirosis?

<p>Penicillin or doxycycline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second phase of leptospirosis characterized by?

<p>Dysfunction of liver, kidney, and CNS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of Leptospira interrogans?

<p>Tightly coiled motile rods with hooked ends (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?

<p>Lyme disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Trench mouth a condition of?

<p>Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Vincent's angina characterized by?

<p>Pseudomembrane formation in the pharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Human body louse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important species causing Tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Borrelia hermsii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reservoir for Tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Rodents &amp; small animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What staining method is best for visualizing Borreliae?

<p>Giemsa stain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for B. recurrentis causing louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Human body louse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

<p>Leptospira interrogans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic motility of Spirochetes due to?

<p>Axial filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What animals act as reservoirs for Leptospira interrogans?

<p>Rodents and swine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Borrelia recurrenits?

<p>Human body louse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic morphology of T. pallidum?

<p>Corkscrew-shaped (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of leptospirosis characterized by?

<p>Septicaemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic spreading circular red lesion at the site of tick bite called?

<p>Erythema migrans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission for louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?

<p>Human body louse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Trench mouth a condition of?

<p>Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Vincent's angina characterized by?

<p>Pseudomembrane formation in the pharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Borrelia species is most significant in causing Tick-borne relapsing fever?

<p>Borrelia hermsii (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?

<p>Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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