66 Questions
What is the characteristic morphology of T. pallidum?
Regular coils with pointed ends and very thin
How is T. pallidum observed in laboratory settings?
Dark-field microscopy and direct immunofluorescence
What is the mode of transmission for T. pallidum leading to venereal syphilis?
Sexual transmission
Why is T. pallidum not transmissible by stored blood?
It dies when stored at 4°C within 3-5 days
Which test is used for screening congenital syphilis 6-18 months after treatment?
Detection of treponemal IgM antibodies in newborn’s serum by EIA
Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?
Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test
Which test cannot be used to determine response to treatment?
Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test
Which test is used for screening due to being inexpensive, rapid, and simple?
VDRL test
Which test detects non-treponemal antibodies known as reagin?
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
Which test uses the antigen called cardiolipin extracted from beef heart muscle with added lipids?
VDRL test
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Spirochetes?
Gram-negative cell wall structure
What is the most important species of Treponema, which causes syphilis?
T. pallidum
How is T. pallidum observed in laboratory settings?
Dark-field microscopy
Why can T. pallidum not be grown on artificial culture media?
It is a human parasite with no animal or environmental reservoirs
What is the mode of transmission for T. pallidum leading to venereal syphilis?
Sexual transmission
Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?
Treponemal test
What is the characteristic morphology of T. pallidum?
Regular coils with pointed ends
Which mode of transmission leads to congenital syphilis?
Transplacental transmission
What is the characteristic motility of Spirochetes due to?
Presence of axial filaments (endoflagella)
Which test detects non-treponemal antibodies known as reagin?
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test
What percentage of untreated cases progress to tertiary syphilis?
30%
How does T. pallidum die when stored at 4°C within 3-5 days?
It has no animal or environmental reservoirs
Which test is used for screening due to being inexpensive, rapid, and simple?
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
Which test detects specific treponemal antibodies?
Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test
What is the characteristic morphology of T. pallidum?
Spiral-shaped
Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?
Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test
What is the mode of transmission for T. pallidum leading to venereal syphilis?
Sexual contact
Which test uses the antigen called cardiolipin extracted from beef heart muscle with added lipids?
Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test
Which test cannot be used to determine response to treatment?
Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test
How is T. pallidum observed in laboratory settings?
Dark-field microscopy
Which test is used for screening congenital syphilis 6-18 months after treatment?
Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test
Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?
Fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test
Which test is used for screening due to being inexpensive, rapid, and simple?
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
Why is T. pallidum not transmissible by stored blood?
It cannot survive outside the human body
What is the primary mode of transmission for Borrelia recurrenits?
Human body louse
Which Borrelia species is most significant in causing Tick-borne relapsing fever?
B. hermsii
What type of microscopy is typically used to visualize Borreliae?
Giemsa stain
What is the growth environment preference for Borrelia species in culture?
Microaerophilic
What is the typical duration of the incubation period for leptospirosis?
7 to 14 days
Which organism is the causative agent of leptospirosis?
Leptospira interrogans
What is the first phase of leptospirosis characterized by?
Febrile influenza-like illness
Which animals act as reservoirs for Leptospira interrogans?
Rodents, dogs, swine, and cattle
How is leptospirosis typically transmitted to humans?
Consumption of contaminated food or drink
Which drugs are considered the treatment of choice for leptospirosis?
Penicillin or doxycycline
What is the second phase of leptospirosis characterized by?
Dysfunction of liver, kidney, and CNS
What is the morphology of Leptospira interrogans?
Tightly coiled motile rods with hooked ends
Which disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?
Lyme disease
What is Trench mouth a condition of?
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)
What is Vincent's angina characterized by?
Pseudomembrane formation in the pharynx
What is the mode of transmission for louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?
Human body louse
What is the most important species causing Tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?
Borrelia hermsii
What is the primary reservoir for Tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever?
Rodents & small animals
What staining method is best for visualizing Borreliae?
Giemsa stain
What is the mode of transmission for B. recurrentis causing louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?
Human body louse
What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?
Leptospira interrogans
What is the characteristic motility of Spirochetes due to?
Axial filaments
What animals act as reservoirs for Leptospira interrogans?
Rodents and swine
What is the primary mode of transmission for Borrelia recurrenits?
Human body louse
What is the characteristic morphology of T. pallidum?
Corkscrew-shaped
What is the first phase of leptospirosis characterized by?
Septicaemia
What is the characteristic spreading circular red lesion at the site of tick bite called?
Erythema migrans
What is the mode of transmission for louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever?
Human body louse
What is Trench mouth a condition of?
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
What is Vincent's angina characterized by?
Pseudomembrane formation in the pharynx
Which Borrelia species is most significant in causing Tick-borne relapsing fever?
Borrelia hermsii
Which test is used for confirming or ruling out reactive non-treponemal test results?
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test
Test your knowledge of Spirochaetes with this quiz! Learn about their characteristic features, Gram-negative cell wall structure, and the three genera that cause human infections. Explore their corkscrew motility and the most important species, T. pallidum, which causes syphilis.
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