Discovering Cells Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

The structure of living things is determined by what?

how the cells are put together

Cells are the basic units of?

structure and function in living things

A tall tree consists of cells arranged to form a high trunk and leafy branches. What is this an example of?

a tree cell's structure

The function of all living things is done by what?

<p>its cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells that are involved in your digestive system absorb food. What is this an example of?

<p>the function of digestive cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can we see cells with our eyes?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we need to see cells with?

<p>a microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cells are there on a one square centimeter (cm) surface of your skin?

<p>100,000 (100K) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

When were cells discovered?

<p>when microscopes were invented</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the date when microscopes were invented?

<p>1590</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the invention of microscopes enable people to discover and learn about?

<p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a microscope?

<p>an instrument that makes small objects look larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

What English scientist built the first compound microscope?

<p>Robert Hooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Robert Hooke discover?

<p>'cells' of a cork</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Robert Hooke discover cells of a cork?

<p>in 1663</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Robert Hooke name the empty spaces he saw in the cork cells?

<p>cells is a word that means 'small rooms'</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many cells did Hooke calculate to be in one cubic inch of cork?

<p>twelve hundred million cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Leeuwenhoek build?

<p>simple microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who built the first simple microscope?

<p>Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Leeuwenhoek use his simple microscope to look at?

<p>lake water</p> Signup and view all the answers

When Leeuwenhoek looked at lake water through his simple microscope, what did he see?

<p>one-celled organisms that moved</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Leeuwenhoek call these one-celled organisms?

<p>animalcules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does animalcules mean?

<p>'little animals'</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lenses does a simple microscope have?

<p>one tiny lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the two scientists that discovered and built the first microscopes and viewed cells at about the same time?

<p>Hooke and Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Hooke's compound microscope work?

<p>A lens focused light from the flame onto a specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope did Leeuwenhoek make and use, simple or compound?

<p>simple microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope did Hooke make and use, simple or compound?

<p>compound microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three German scientists developed the Cell Theory?

<p>Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Schleiden conclude about cells?

<p>all plants are made of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Schleiden conclude that all plants are made of cells?

<p>1838</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Schwann conclude about cells?

<p>all animals are made of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Schwann conclude that all animals are made of cells?

<p>1839</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Virchow conclude about cells?

<p>all cells come from cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Virchow conclude that all cells come from cells?

<p>1855</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Schwann conclude about all living things?

<p>all living things are made up of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What didn't Schleiden and Schwann not conclude in their research?

<p>they didn't explain where cells came from</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who explained where cells came from?

<p>Virchow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three things does the Cell Theory say?

<p>All living things are made up of cells, cells determine an organism's structure and function, and cells are produced from other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory could not be developed without the microscope?

<p>the Cell Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two properties do microscopes combine?

<p>magnification and resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is magnification?

<p>makes things look bigger</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do lenses magnify objects?

<p>by bending light that passes through the lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape are lenses?

<p>convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is a lens curved or flat?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lens is used for magnification?

<p>convex lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the convex lens shaped?

<p>thicker in the middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light rays when they pass through the convex lens?

<p>the light bends</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you look through a magnifying glass at an object, how does the object appear?

<p>our eyes see the object larger than it really is</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microscopes use two properties, magnification and what other one?

<p>resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is resolution?

<p>the sharpness or focus of an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two kinds of microscopes?

<p>compound and simple microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound microscope?

<p>It uses more than one lens to increase magnification of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lenses does a compound microscope use?

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the lenses located in a compound microscope?

<p>One near the object (objective lens), and one in the eyepiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the total magnification of a microscope?

<p>the objective power X (multiplied) by the power of the lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the objective lens is 40X and the eyepiece magnifies 10X, then what is the total magnification?

<p>400 = 40 X 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a simple microscope?

<p>It uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify images</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much can a simple microscope magnify?

<p>as much as 1 million X and with better resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

  • The structure of living things is determined by the arrangement of cells.
  • Cells serve as the basic units of structure and function in living organisms.
  • In a tall tree, cells are arranged to create a high trunk and leafy branches, illustrating the tree's cellular structure.
  • Functions of all living things are performed by their cells.

Cell Visibility and Discovery

  • Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye; microscopes are necessary for observation.
  • Approximately 100,000 cells exist on a square centimeter of skin.
  • Cells were discovered following the invention of microscopes in 1590.

Microscopes and Their Inventors

  • A microscope is an instrument that enlarges small objects.
  • Robert Hooke built the first compound microscope and discovered "cells" in cork in 1663.
  • Hooke named the empty spaces in cork "cells," a term meaning "small rooms."
  • Hooke estimated twelve hundred million cells exist in one cubic inch of cork.
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek crafted simple microscopes and observed one-celled organisms in lake water, calling them "animalcules," meaning "little animals."

Cell Theory Development

  • The Cell Theory was established by three German scientists: Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
  • Schleiden concluded in 1838 that all plants are composed of cells.
  • Schwann concluded in 1839 that all animals are made of cells.
  • Virchow proposed in 1855 that all cells originate from pre-existing cells.
  • The complete Cell Theory states that all living things consist of cells, cells determine the structure and function of organisms, and cells arise from other cells.

Microscope Functionality

  • Microscopes combine magnification and resolution; magnification enlarges objects and resolution sharpens images.
  • Lenses used for magnification are convex, bending light to enhance visibility.
  • A compound microscope employs two lenses: one near the object (objective lens) and one in the eyepiece.
  • Total magnification is calculated using the formula: objective power × lens power.
  • A simple microscope contains one lens and can magnify up to 1 million times with improved resolution.

Summary of Microscopes

  • There are two microscope types: simple and compound.
  • A simple microscope uses a single lens, while a compound microscope uses multiple lenses to increase magnification, reaching up to 400 times total magnification with specific lens powers.

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Description

This quiz features flashcards designed to test your knowledge about the structure and function of cells, the basic units of life. Each card asks you to define essential concepts related to cellular organization in living organisms. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of biology!

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