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Questions and Answers
The structure of living things is determined by what?
The structure of living things is determined by what?
how the cells are put together
Cells are the basic units of?
Cells are the basic units of?
structure and function in living things
A tall tree consists of cells arranged to form a high trunk and leafy branches. What is this an example of?
A tall tree consists of cells arranged to form a high trunk and leafy branches. What is this an example of?
a tree cell's structure
The function of all living things is done by what?
The function of all living things is done by what?
Cells that are involved in your digestive system absorb food. What is this an example of?
Cells that are involved in your digestive system absorb food. What is this an example of?
Can we see cells with our eyes?
Can we see cells with our eyes?
What do we need to see cells with?
What do we need to see cells with?
How many cells are there on a one square centimeter (cm) surface of your skin?
How many cells are there on a one square centimeter (cm) surface of your skin?
When were cells discovered?
When were cells discovered?
What is the date when microscopes were invented?
What is the date when microscopes were invented?
What did the invention of microscopes enable people to discover and learn about?
What did the invention of microscopes enable people to discover and learn about?
What is a microscope?
What is a microscope?
What English scientist built the first compound microscope?
What English scientist built the first compound microscope?
What did Robert Hooke discover?
What did Robert Hooke discover?
What year did Robert Hooke discover cells of a cork?
What year did Robert Hooke discover cells of a cork?
Why did Robert Hooke name the empty spaces he saw in the cork cells?
Why did Robert Hooke name the empty spaces he saw in the cork cells?
How many cells did Hooke calculate to be in one cubic inch of cork?
How many cells did Hooke calculate to be in one cubic inch of cork?
What did Leeuwenhoek build?
What did Leeuwenhoek build?
Who built the first simple microscope?
Who built the first simple microscope?
What did Leeuwenhoek use his simple microscope to look at?
What did Leeuwenhoek use his simple microscope to look at?
When Leeuwenhoek looked at lake water through his simple microscope, what did he see?
When Leeuwenhoek looked at lake water through his simple microscope, what did he see?
What did Leeuwenhoek call these one-celled organisms?
What did Leeuwenhoek call these one-celled organisms?
What does animalcules mean?
What does animalcules mean?
How many lenses does a simple microscope have?
How many lenses does a simple microscope have?
What were the two scientists that discovered and built the first microscopes and viewed cells at about the same time?
What were the two scientists that discovered and built the first microscopes and viewed cells at about the same time?
How did Hooke's compound microscope work?
How did Hooke's compound microscope work?
Which type of microscope did Leeuwenhoek make and use, simple or compound?
Which type of microscope did Leeuwenhoek make and use, simple or compound?
Which type of microscope did Hooke make and use, simple or compound?
Which type of microscope did Hooke make and use, simple or compound?
What three German scientists developed the Cell Theory?
What three German scientists developed the Cell Theory?
What did Schleiden conclude about cells?
What did Schleiden conclude about cells?
What year did Schleiden conclude that all plants are made of cells?
What year did Schleiden conclude that all plants are made of cells?
What did Schwann conclude about cells?
What did Schwann conclude about cells?
What year did Schwann conclude that all animals are made of cells?
What year did Schwann conclude that all animals are made of cells?
What did Virchow conclude about cells?
What did Virchow conclude about cells?
What year did Virchow conclude that all cells come from cells?
What year did Virchow conclude that all cells come from cells?
What did Schwann conclude about all living things?
What did Schwann conclude about all living things?
What didn't Schleiden and Schwann not conclude in their research?
What didn't Schleiden and Schwann not conclude in their research?
Who explained where cells came from?
Who explained where cells came from?
What three things does the Cell Theory say?
What three things does the Cell Theory say?
What theory could not be developed without the microscope?
What theory could not be developed without the microscope?
What two properties do microscopes combine?
What two properties do microscopes combine?
What is magnification?
What is magnification?
How do lenses magnify objects?
How do lenses magnify objects?
What shape are lenses?
What shape are lenses?
Is a lens curved or flat?
Is a lens curved or flat?
What lens is used for magnification?
What lens is used for magnification?
How is the convex lens shaped?
How is the convex lens shaped?
What happens to light rays when they pass through the convex lens?
What happens to light rays when they pass through the convex lens?
When you look through a magnifying glass at an object, how does the object appear?
When you look through a magnifying glass at an object, how does the object appear?
Microscopes use two properties, magnification and what other one?
Microscopes use two properties, magnification and what other one?
What is resolution?
What is resolution?
What are the two kinds of microscopes?
What are the two kinds of microscopes?
What is a compound microscope?
What is a compound microscope?
How many lenses does a compound microscope use?
How many lenses does a compound microscope use?
Where are the lenses located in a compound microscope?
Where are the lenses located in a compound microscope?
What is the formula for the total magnification of a microscope?
What is the formula for the total magnification of a microscope?
If the objective lens is 40X and the eyepiece magnifies 10X, then what is the total magnification?
If the objective lens is 40X and the eyepiece magnifies 10X, then what is the total magnification?
What is a simple microscope?
What is a simple microscope?
How much can a simple microscope magnify?
How much can a simple microscope magnify?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- The structure of living things is determined by the arrangement of cells.
- Cells serve as the basic units of structure and function in living organisms.
- In a tall tree, cells are arranged to create a high trunk and leafy branches, illustrating the tree's cellular structure.
- Functions of all living things are performed by their cells.
Cell Visibility and Discovery
- Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye; microscopes are necessary for observation.
- Approximately 100,000 cells exist on a square centimeter of skin.
- Cells were discovered following the invention of microscopes in 1590.
Microscopes and Their Inventors
- A microscope is an instrument that enlarges small objects.
- Robert Hooke built the first compound microscope and discovered "cells" in cork in 1663.
- Hooke named the empty spaces in cork "cells," a term meaning "small rooms."
- Hooke estimated twelve hundred million cells exist in one cubic inch of cork.
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek crafted simple microscopes and observed one-celled organisms in lake water, calling them "animalcules," meaning "little animals."
Cell Theory Development
- The Cell Theory was established by three German scientists: Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
- Schleiden concluded in 1838 that all plants are composed of cells.
- Schwann concluded in 1839 that all animals are made of cells.
- Virchow proposed in 1855 that all cells originate from pre-existing cells.
- The complete Cell Theory states that all living things consist of cells, cells determine the structure and function of organisms, and cells arise from other cells.
Microscope Functionality
- Microscopes combine magnification and resolution; magnification enlarges objects and resolution sharpens images.
- Lenses used for magnification are convex, bending light to enhance visibility.
- A compound microscope employs two lenses: one near the object (objective lens) and one in the eyepiece.
- Total magnification is calculated using the formula: objective power × lens power.
- A simple microscope contains one lens and can magnify up to 1 million times with improved resolution.
Summary of Microscopes
- There are two microscope types: simple and compound.
- A simple microscope uses a single lens, while a compound microscope uses multiple lenses to increase magnification, reaching up to 400 times total magnification with specific lens powers.
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