Chapter 46
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the main body of a neuron?

  • Dendrite
  • Synaptic
  • Axon terminal
  • Soma (correct)

Which neurotransmitter is the chief excitatory transmitter in the CNS?

  • EK
  • GABA
  • ENa
  • Glutamate (correct)

What type of summation occurs when EPSPs created by distant synapses overlap?

  • Axon terminal summation
  • Spatial summation (correct)
  • Temporal summation
  • Dendrite summation

Which of the following is true about dendrites?

<p>They allow signal reception from a large spatial area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ions are involved in creating an inhibitory post synaptic potential (IPSP)?

<p>Cl- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ions are involved in creating an excitatory post synaptic potential (EPSP)?

<p>ENa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief inhibitory transmitter in the adult CNS?

<p>GABA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effector part of a neuron?

<p>Axon terminal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an electrotonic response that decays with an exponential time course?

<p>EPSP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensory portion of a neuron?

<p>Dendrite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for auditory perception, semantics, and memory?

<p>Temporal lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is the visual processing center?

<p>Occipital lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for responding to and moving about in our environment?

<p>Motor Division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of CNS function controls subconscious body activities such as arterial pressure and respiration?

<p>Lower brain level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of the nervous system performs specific functions but always functions in association with lower centers?

<p>Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

<p>Controlling voluntary movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of CNS function contains the medulla, pons, mesencephalon, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia?

<p>Lower brain level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the somatosensory cortex?

<p>Processing tactile information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system processes information and creates memory?

<p>Integrative Division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cranial nerves?

<p>Conveying information between the brain and parts of the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transmitter is usually excitatory in the CNS?

<p>Small molecule, rapidly acting transmitters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief inhibitory transmitter in the CNS?

<p>GABA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible mechanism for causing an epileptic seizure to end?

<p>Synaptic fatigue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transmitter causes long-term changes and acts on metabotropic receptors?

<p>Neuropeptides, slowing acting transmitters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of small molecule, rapidly acting transmitters in the CNS?

<p>Mediate most acute responses of the nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind synaptic facilitation?

<p>Build-up of calcium ions in presynaptic terminals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind synaptic fatigue?

<p>Build-up of sodium ions in presynaptic terminals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief excitatory transmitter in the CNS?

<p>Glutamate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protective mechanism for excessive neuronal activity?

<p>Synaptic fatigue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that takes time in neurotransmission and can be used to calculate the number of chemically connected series neurons in a circuit?

<p>Synaptic delay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for processing information and creating memory?

<p>Integrative Division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for auditory perception, semantics, and memory?

<p>Temporal lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transmitter is usually excitatory in the CNS?

<p>Small molecule, rapidly acting transmitter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the soma of a neuron?

The main body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and other organelles.

What is glutamate?

The chief excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS).

What is spatial summation?

A type of summation where EPSPs from different synapses on the same neuron occur close together in time.

What is the function of dendrites?

They receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body.

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What ions are involved in an IPSP?

Chloride ions (Cl-) moving into the neuron, making it less likely to fire.

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What ions are involved in an EPSP?

Sodium ions (Na+) moving into the neuron, making it more likely to fire.

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What is GABA?

The chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult CNS.

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What is the axon terminal?

The end of the axon, responsible for releasing neurotransmitters.

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What is EPSP?

A type of electrical signal that decays over time and distance.

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What is the sensory portion of a neuron?

The part of a neuron that receives sensory information from the environment.

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What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Responsible for auditory perception, language processing, and memory.

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What is the function of the occipital lobe?

The primary visual processing center of the brain.

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What is the function of the motor division?

Part of the nervous system responsible for voluntary movements and responses.

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What is the function of the lower brain level?

The level of the CNS controlling subconscious bodily functions like breathing and heart rate.

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What is the function of the cortex?

The part of the nervous system that works in association with lower centers to perform specific functions.

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What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

Control voluntary movements by sending signals to the muscles.

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What does the lower brain level include?

Controls subconscious bodily functions like breathing and heart rate.

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What is the function of the somatosensory cortex?

Processes tactile information from the skin and other sensory organs.

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What is the function of the integrative division?

Part of the nervous system responsible for processing information and creating memories.

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What is the function of cranial nerves?

To convey information between the brain and parts of the body.

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What are small molecule, rapidly acting transmitters?

Usually excitatory and act quickly.

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What is the function of GABA?

The chief inhibitory transmitter in the CNS.

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What can end an epileptic seizure?

Synaptic fatigue.

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What are neuropeptides, slowly acting transmitters?

Long-term changes and act on metabotropic receptors.

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What is the main function of small molecule, rapidly acting transmitters in the CNS?

Mediate most acute responses of the nervous system.

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What is the mechanism behind synaptic facilitation?

Build-up of calcium ions in presynaptic terminals.

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What is the mechanism behind synaptic fatigue?

Build-up of sodium ions in presynaptic terminals.

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What is glutamate?

The chief excitatory transmitter in the CNS.

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What is the protective mechanism for excessive neuronal activity?

Synaptic fatigue.

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What process can be used to calculate the number of neurons in a circuit?

Synaptic delay.

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What is the function of the integrative division?

Part of the nervous system responsible for processing information and creating memories.

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What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Responsible for auditory perception, language processing, and memory.

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What are small molecule, rapidly acting transmitters?

Usually excitatory and act quickly in the CNS.

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