Disciplines of Communication

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Questions and Answers

Which element is central to the definition of communication as a transactional process, according to Alberts, Nakayama, and Martin (2007)?

  • Avoidance of cultural influences.
  • One-way transmission of information.
  • Exchange of verbal messages in context. (correct)
  • Use of complex jargon.

Which of the following does NOT describe the discipline of communication?

  • It encompasses the study of communication across cultures.
  • It explores the impact of communication on human behavior.
  • It examines communication in various settings like government and civil society.
  • It focuses solely on verbal communication. (correct)

How do humans primarily create meaning, according to the discipline of communication?

  • Through strict adherence to rules.
  • Through intuition alone.
  • Through complex algorithms.
  • Through verbal and non-verbal messages. (correct)

In what context is culture considered within the framework of communication?

<p>A provider of patterns of perceptions, values, and behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the discipline of communication essentially about?

<p>Constructing shared meanings and exchanging information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the primary goal of communication?

<p>To send and understand information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is communication considered a complicated process?

<p>Because it involves both a sender and a receiver, and aims to inform, direct, or educate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective communication is most likely to produce what outcome?

<p>Desired business outcomes and productive relationships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a manager's communication play in implementing organizational plans and policies?

<p>It is crucial for clearly relaying information to subordinates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Berlo's SMCR model, what are the key components of the communication process?

<p>Source, Message, Channel, Receiver. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Berlo's SMCR model, which component involves hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, and tasting?

<p>Channel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 'encoding' in the communication process?

<p>Collecting a message into a chosen design for receiver understanding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'source' element refer to in the basic communication process?

<p>The origin of the information or message. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect defines the 'message' element in communication?

<p>The study of how meaning is created through signs and symbols. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding the receiver's perspective important in communication?

<p>To ensure effective message delivery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does 'feedback' play in the communication process?

<p>It determines the success of the source's message. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communication, what best describes the term 'channel'?

<p>The medium through which a message is sent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a marriage proposal not best suited for communication via smartphones?

<p>Personal channels can be more appropriate for certain messages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'decoding' refer to in the communication process?

<p>Listening and reading directions carefully to understand a message. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'context' influence communication?

<p>It can make or break the effectiveness of communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication involves feelings, thoughts, and self-perception?

<p>Intrapersonal communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key trait of interpersonal communication?

<p>One-to-one exchange in an unstructured setting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication is characteristic of using technology like the telephone or internet?

<p>Mediated interpersonal communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does intercultural communication primarily become apparent?

<p>When individuals come from different cultural backgrounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dyadic communication is defined by what trait?

<p>Two persons actively participating. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To what does the concept of 'channel' refer in communication theory?

<p>The method or route through which a message travels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes 'small group communication'?

<p>People meeting typically to solve a problem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which setting is an example of public communication?

<p>A speaker addressing a large audience. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should a communicator understand the receiver and their references?

<p>To ensure the message is accurately understood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the various forms of exchange differentiated from communication?

<p>Communication can be distinguished from other forms of exchange by the large number of considerations, which make the study of communication a fascinating task. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the statement, 'communication is simultaneously the means of construction of meaning'?

<p>Communication allows new meanings to be created. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the goal of transmitting information, what is the sender's core objective?

<p>To transmit information, and confirm that the receiver understands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Information Theory, what is the role of the 'source'?

<p>The source produce data that one would like to communicate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Verbal and non-verbal messages help to transfer what?

<p>They help to transfer complicated, delicate and argumentative information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Discipline of Communication

The discipline studying verbal and non-verbal messages to create meaning across various contexts and cultures.

Communication Definition

A transactional process of people generating meaning through the exchange of verbal messages in specific contexts, influenced by societal forces and culture.

Communication

The action of passing information between people or groups for common understanding and confidence.

Communication Process

Sending verbal and non-verbal messages using a sender, receiver, and channel.

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Primary Goal of Communication

To send information and ensure understanding from one party to another.

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Communication as a Process

A complicated process involving a sender and receiver, with the purpose of informing, directing, or educating.

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Source

The origin of information that one would like to communicate, passing it through a channel to a receiver.

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Message

The study of signs and symbols, and how meaning is created through them.

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Encoding

Collecting a message (information, ideas, and thoughts) into a chosen design to make sure the receiver can understand it.

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Channel

The method by which an encoded message is delivered; can be verbal, non-verbal, personal, or non-personal.

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Decoding

Listening and reading directions carefully to ensure understanding. Requires the source and receiver to grasp the same information.

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Receiver

The recipient of the message. Good communicators consider the receiver's background.

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Feedback

Reactions or responses to the message. It is important for the source to asses success.

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Context

The condition in which your message is presented. Can make or break the effectiveness of communication.

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Intrapersonal Communication

Communication that occurs within oneself, involving feelings, thoughts, and self-perception.

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Interpersonal Communication

Communication that occurs on a one-to-one basis in an informal setting using both verbal and non-verbal symbols.

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Direct Interpersonal Communication

Face-to-face communication between or among communicators.

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Mediated Interpersonal Communication

Communication using technology such as telephone or internet.

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Intercultural Communication

Interpersonal communication between members of different cultures.

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Interviewing

Communication making use of questions and answers, usually involving two people.

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Dyadic Communication

When two persons are actively participating in communication.

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Group Communication

Communication when three or more persons actively participate in face-to-face interactions.

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Public communication

Sender delivers a message (speech) to an audience. Minimal feedback.

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Mass Communication

Transmission of messages to large audiences using technology of communication.

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Study Notes

Disciplines of Communication

  • Communication involves humans using verbal and non-verbal messages
  • Creates meaning across different contexts
  • From individuals to groups, various settings, and mass audiences across cultures
  • Communication studies the impact of communication on human behavior
  • Discipline is broad
  • Includes interpersonal relationships, groups, organizations, and intercultural communication
  • Considers rhetoric, performance, argumentation, persuasion, technologically mediated communication, and popular culture
  • Provides an understanding of how humans create meanings
  • Allows to both send and receive information effectively
  • Facilitates understanding the process, content, and effects of communication

What is Communication?

  • Defined as a transactional process where people create meaning through the exchange of verbal messages

  • Occurs in specific contexts

  • Is influenced by individual and societal forces

  • Is embedded in culture

  • Culture provides perception, values, and behavior patterns

  • Context is culturally defined

  • Culture affects nearly all communication interactions

  • Passing information between individuals or a group for shared understanding and confidence

  • Transfer of information between sender and receiver

  • Receiver needs to understand the meaning of the message

  • Can also involve sharing ideas, thoughts, opinions, and views

    • Involves sending verbal and non-verbal messages
    • Requires sender, receiver, and communication channel
    • Transfers complex or argumentative information
    • Needs understanding of behaviors associated to the sender and receiver

  • Bonding processes among humans

  • Is transactional, includes giving and receiving content

  • Involves both construction and exchange of meaning

  • Elements include, context, culture, relationships, society, message, and medium

  • Communication involves acting on information, responding to stimuli, creative acts, and making sense of the world

  • Assigns meaning to experiences and feelings, and can be both intentional and unintentional

Goals of Communication

  • Primary goal is sending information
  • Requires understanding of that information
  • Process involves a sender, a message passed through a channel, and a receiver
  • A complex process that involves a sender and a receiver
  • Purpose to inform, direct, or educate
  • Effective communication produces desired businesses, productive relationships, and satisfaction

Basic Elements of Communication Process

  • Source (Person or thing sharing information) → Message (Study of signs and symbols) → Encoding (Collecting message to ensure the reciever understands) → Channel (Source delivers message through a channel) → Decoding (Careful listening) → Receiver (Message delivered to the receiver) → Feedback (reaction or responses) → Context (condition in which the message is presented)

Levels of Communication

  • Communication involves interactions between individuals

  • Meaningful communication entails two-way interaction, mutuality, and influence

  • Face-to-face communication

  • Mediated communication using print (newspapers, newsletters)

  • Mediated communication using electronic equipment (computer, TV, radio)

Intrapersonal Communication

  • Communication that occurs within an individual
  • Involves thoughts, feelings, and self-perception
  • The self is the sender and receiver
  • The channel is the brain
  • Feedback through talking to oneself
  • Includes thought processes, speaking aloud, meditation

Interpersonal Communication

  • Occurs on a one-to-one basis
  • Typically in an informal, unstructured setting
  • Messages are both verbal and non-verbal
  • Main channels are sight and sound
  • Involves a small group such as a family
  • The number of participants defines this communication

Categories of Interpersonal Communication

  • Direct interpersonal communication is face-to-face

  • Mediated interpersonal communication uses technology like phones or the internet

  • Intercultural communication occurs between members of different cultures

  • Interviewing uses questions and answers to obtain information

  • Dyadic communication: active participation between two people

  • Small group communication: small group meets to solve a problem

  • Group communication: at least three actively participating in the conversation or able to present feedback

  • Mass communication: A sender-receiver (speaker) sends a message (speech) to an audience in a highly structured manner

  • Public Communication: includes a large group like in a public lecture or church, where the source delivers a monologue with minimal feedback

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