Disaster Risk Management Course Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a central concept related to disaster risk management?

  • Ancient history timelines
  • Human anatomy studies
  • Quantum physics theories
  • Phases of the disaster risk management cycle (correct)
  • Besides components of risk, what is another key concept covered in this course?

  • Phases of the disaster risk management cycle (correct)
  • Ethical hacking principles
  • Advanced econometric models
  • Game theory mathematics
  • What will the course use to understand the key concepts?

  • Geological Survey data
  • Sociological research
  • A three-pronged approach (correct)
  • Astronomical observations
  • What fundamental elements will this course explore?

    <p>Elements of risk assessment and management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Dewayne West's professional certification?

    <p>CEM, CCFI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is Dewayne West associated with, as a representative?

    <p>National Fire Protection Agency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What previous role did Dewayne West hold?

    <p>Director of Emergency Services (retired) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Whose name is explicitly stated with the Emergency Management Accreditation Program?

    <p>Michael D. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the NFPA 1600 Technical Advisory Committee?

    <p>To advise on the technical aspects of NFPA 1600 standards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an integrated approach in emergency management primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>To ensure a unified response across all levels of government and community elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'unity of effort' in emergency management?

    <p>Coordinated action among all levels of government and community elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is integration considered crucial in emergency management?

    <p>To ensure consistent communication and effective resource allocation among different groups. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In emergency management, what does an 'integrated' system seek to overcome?

    <p>The potential for disunity and conflict between various responders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of an 'integrated' approach in emergency management?

    <p>A 'siloed' approach where each entity operates independently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a core value of professional emergency managers?

    <p>Following a science and knowledge-based approach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT a part of the foundation of professional emergency management?

    <p>Intuitive decision making. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for the approach of emergency managers?

    <p>Science and knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the commitment of professional emergency managers to advancement?

    <p>Continuous improvement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential practice for professional emergency managers in their roles?

    <p>Public stewardship. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of emergency management?

    <p>To promote safer, less vulnerable communities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does emergency management aim to reduce vulnerability in communities?

    <p>By promoting resilience against hazards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between safety and vulnerability in communities?

    <p>Reduced vulnerability directly contributes to community safety. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to a community's capacity to cope with hazards and disasters?

    <p>A strong economy and infrastructure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically associated with building safer communities in emergency management?

    <p>Individual apathy towards disaster preparedness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cascading disasters from other types of disasters?

    <p>They occur from a single primary threat followed by multiple secondary events. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the progression of events in cascading disasters?

    <p>They produce multiple chains of cause-effect relationships over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary area of study in understanding cascading disasters?

    <p>Critical infrastructure failures and their consequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to disasters that unfold as a result of a sequence triggered by an initial event?

    <p>Cascading disasters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cascading disasters?

    <p>They always begin with multiple initial threats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cascading disasters

    Events where one disaster triggers a series of other disasters over time.

    Primary threat

    The initial disaster event that starts the cascade of secondary events.

    Secondary events

    Unexpected disasters that follow after the primary threat due to cascading effects.

    Cause-effect chains

    Sequences of events where one disaster leads to another through interconnections.

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    Critical infrastructure failures

    Breakdowns in essential systems that can lead to cascading disasters.

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    Components of risk

    The factors that contribute to the level of risk in a situation, including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability.

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    Hazard

    A potential source of harm or adverse effect, such as natural disasters or industrial accidents.

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    Exposure

    The degree to which people, property, and resources are likely to be affected by a hazard.

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    Vulnerability

    The susceptibility of a system or community to the impacts of hazards, influenced by factors like resilience and preparedness.

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    Disaster risk management cycle

    The continuous process of managing risks through phases: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery.

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    Professional emergency management

    A discipline focused on effective disaster response based on science and knowledge.

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    Knowledge-based approach

    Using education, training, and experience to inform emergency management decisions.

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    Continuous improvement

    The ongoing effort to enhance emergency management practices and policies.

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    Public stewardship

    Responsibility of emergency managers to serve and protect the public interest.

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    Ethical practice in emergency management

    Application of moral principles in making decisions during emergencies.

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    Emergency management

    The organized approach to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters and hazards.

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    Safer communities

    Communities designed to reduce risks and enhance safety from hazards.

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    Coping capacity

    The ability of a community to manage, respond to, and recover from hazards and disasters.

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    Hazards and disasters

    Potential threats and actual events that cause harm to people and property.

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    Emergency Management Accreditation Program

    A program that evaluates and recognizes emergency management agencies and their practices.

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    Representative

    A person chosen to act or speak on behalf of a group or organization.

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    NFPA 1600

    A standard for emergency management issued by the National Fire Protection Association.

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    Technical Advisory Committee

    A group that provides expert advice and recommendations on technical issues.

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    Dewayne West

    An individual noted for contributions to emergency services and accreditation.

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    Integrated emergency management

    A collaborative approach ensuring unity among government levels and community elements for disaster response.

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    Unity of effort

    The coordinated actions among different organizations and levels of government during emergency management.

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    Levels of government

    Different tiers of authority that participate in managing emergencies, such as local, state, and federal.

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    Community elements

    Various groups and organizations within a community involved in emergency preparedness and response.

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    Emergency managers

    Professionals responsible for coordinating response efforts and ensuring public safety during emergencies.

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    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course: IEM 100
    • Course Name: Introduction to IEM
    • Semester: Spring 2025
    • Instructor: Dr. Kyoo-Man Ha
    • Days: Thursday
    • Time: 11:00-13:30

    IEM100 Syllabus

    • Attendance:
      • Sign in twice (within the first 5 minutes of the class and at the end of the class).
      • Sign only for yourself (signing for someone else will result in disciplinary action).
      • Leaving the classroom for more than 10 minutes will mark you absent.
    • Office Hours: Thursday 09:00 – 10:30 via Microsoft Teams
      • Contact instructor for concerns.
    • Communication Protocol :
      • Do not call faculty on their personal phone number.
      • Do not call faculty after working hours or during the weekend.
      • Syllabus is available on Moodle.

    Course Objectives

    • CLO1: Summarize the concept of Integrated Emergency Management (IEM) and its application within a multi-stakeholder environment.
    • CLO2: Compare the IEM cycles, in particular: Prevention and Protection, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery.
    • CLO3: Integrate the application of the UAE IEM legislation and standards as a platform for dealing with future risks.
    • CLO4: Support the IEM concept with key principles of effective emergency management.

    Week 1: History of Disasters

    • Learning objectives:
      • Learn the fundamental theories of disasters.
      • Differentiate between the classifications of incidents.
      • Know the emerging types of disasters (cascading, compound, and lingering).

    Assessments

    • Assessment 1 (Quiz): 20%, Week 4 (multiple choice, true-false, etc)
    • Assessment 2 (Midterm Exam): 30%, Week 7 (short essays, multiple choice, true-false)
    • Assessment 3 (Report): 20%, Week 12 (500 words)
    • Assessment 4 (Final Exam): 30%, Week 16 (short essays, multiple choice, true-false)

    How to Get an A

    • Study hard.
    • Do not miss classes or review sessions.
    • Submit the written report on time.
    • Do not plagiarize or hire ghostwriters.
    • Ask for clarification during class, through email, or during faculty hours (Thursdays 14:00-16:30).
    • Carefully follow exam and assignment instructions.
    • Deduction for Late Submissions: 10% per day.

    Structure of Weekly Meetings

    • Review of previous lecture
    • New lecture
    • Group activity
    • Reporting
    • Recitation
    • Meeting is structured in three blocks. The sequence of blocks can be flexible.

    Video: Skyscraper fire in Changsha City

    • September 16, 2022: major fire broke out in a Changsha skyscraper (population: 10 million).
    • 42-story China Telecom building, completed in 2000, was the tallest building in Changsha at 218 meters.
    • 280 firefighters responded.
    • Number of fatalities unknown.

    How can Emergency Management save hundreds of people from a burning building?

    • Components of risk
    • Phases of the disaster risk management cycle
    • Principles of Emergency Management

    Deadliest Disasters Worldwide

    • Provides a table of significant historical disasters outlining location, estimated death toll, and event.
    • Includes data on disasters from the years 1931-1975 and from 2011-2023.

    Discussion

    • What was the worst disaster in the history of the UAE?

    4 Fundamental Theories of Disasters

    • Acts of God / Acts of Fate (Destiny)
    • Acts of Nature
    • Joint effects of nature and society
    • Social constructions

    Acts of God / Acts of Fate (Destiny)

    • Events outside of human control (floods, earthquakes)
    • Events for which no party can be held accountable (hurricanes).
    • Considered predetermined and beyond victims' control.
    • Viewed as cosmic or divine retribution.

    Fatalism

    • Attitude of resignation in the face of inevitable future events.
    • View that humans are powerless to change destiny.

    Force Majeure

    • French term for "greater force".
    • Frees parties from liability when extraordinary events prevent fulfilling obligations (war, strike, etc.).

    Acts of nature

    • Increased scientific knowledge led to substitution of natural explanations.
    • Floods are an example of a natural event caused by precipitation exceeding soil absorption capacity, causing excess water to spill over riverbanks, flooding buildings.

    Man against nature

    • Use of seawalls, dams, levees to tame nature
    • 9.7 meter high seawall in Ishinomaki, Japan as an example.

    Joint effects of nature and society

    • Disasters arise from the interaction of hazardous physical events and physically vulnerable human systems.
    • If either of these are not present, disaster does not occur.
    • Collapse of cultural protections creates disaster.

    Social constructions

    • Emergent from the interaction of hazardous physical events and vulnerable human systems.

    Example from the Philippines

    • Lack of opportunity and prejudice leading to socioeconomic disadvantaged communities.
    • These communities are often located in disaster prone areas

    Disaster

    • A serious disruption to community or societal functioning due to hazardous events impacting exposure, vulnerability, and capacity, leading to losses.

    Emergency

    • Sometimes used interchangeably with disaster, but refers to hazardous events that do not result in serious community disruption.

    Disaster Risk

    • Potential loss of life, injury or property damage in a specific time period probabilistically determined by hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity.

    Hazard

    • A process, phenomenon, or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury, health impacts, property damage, social disruption, or environmental degradation.
    • Different types and numbers of hazards classified by area.

    Biological hazards

    • Hazards of organic origin or conveyed by vectors; include disease-causing microorganisms; toxins, and bioactive substances
    • include bacteria, viruses, parasites and venomous wildlife, poisonous plants, disease-carrying insects.

    Hydrometeorological hazards

    • Hazards from Earth's atmosphere interacting with land, oceans and the resulting water distribution.
    • Observed, monitored, and predicted by national meteorological and hydrological services.

    Different Types of storms

    • Hurricanes
    • Cyclones
    • Typhoons.
    • Maps of typical path formation outlined.

    Tech Hazards

    • Failures of existing and emerging technologies
    • Affect transportation systems (land, sea, air) and related infrastructure
    • Includes accidents at nuclear power plants; ICT-related or cyber hazards.

    Geo-hazards

    • Hazards with geological origins.
    • Seismic (earthquakes), volcanogenic, shallow.

    Chemical Hazards

    • Immediate (acute) and chronic effects from long-term exposures.
    • Damage to nervous and immune systems, impaired reproductive function, cancer, organ-specific damage.

    Environmental Hazards

    • Caused by environmental degradation or physical/chemical pollution (air, water or soil).

    Extraterrestrial Hazards

    • Hazards from outside Earth (meteorites or solar flares).
    • Solar flares can disrupt electronics/power transmission.
    • Asteroid impacts can cause significant local/global damage.

    Societal Hazards

    • Results entirely or predominantly from human activities and decisions.
    • Examples: conflict, post-conflict situations, violence, stampede, financial crises

    Exposure

    • Describes the presence of people, infrastructure, housing, production capacities, or other human assets within or located in a hazard prone area.
    • Number/types of human assets in an area
    • Measured to estimate quantitative risks associated with that hazard.

    Vulnerability

    • The physical, social, economic and environmental factors and processes that can increase an individual/community/asset/system impact from hazards.
    • Including the impact of disasters on women/children/persons with disabilities.
    • Related to migration and displacement

    Capacity

    • Combination of the strengths, attributes and resources within an organization/community/society to manage and reduce disaster risks and strengthen resilience.
    • Includes infrastructure, institutions, human knowledge, skills, and collective attributes like social relationships, leadership and management systems

    Additional Study Information

    • Group Activity: Ranking disaster events and providing explanations.
    • Review Questions: (Detailed answers to 10 review questions. Cover various topics of disasters and risk reduction. Including specifics on disaster types, classification, and related concepts

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts related to disaster risk management in this course. Explore fundamental elements, certification details, and the importance of integration in emergency management. See how various roles and organizations contribute to this essential field.

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