Disaster Risk Management Basics

Basic Concepts of Disaster and Disaster Risk

• A disaster is defined as a severe disruption impacting daily societal functions, resulting in extensive human, property, and ecological losses.
• Factors such as capacity, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability influence disaster risk.
• The Philippines, being an archipelago, faces various calamities annually, largely due to its geographical positioning.

Disaster Characteristics

• Events become classified as disasters primarily due to the number of casualties incurred.
• A disaster is characterized as a sudden event causing significant damages or loss of life.
• The term "disaster" originates from French, indicating a "bad star," reflecting ancient beliefs that disasters were caused by unfortunate cosmic influences.

Vulnerability and Risk

• Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of individuals or communities to the consequences of disasters.
• Risk is calculated using the formula: Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability / Capacity, emphasizing the importance of assessing both hazards and community capabilities.

Natural and Man-Made Disasters

• Natural disasters include events like typhoons, volcanic eruptions, and floods, deriving from environmental disturbances.
• Man-made disasters are caused by human error, whether intentional or accidental, such as oil spills or nuclear incidents.

Disaster Preparedness

• Essential items for disaster preparedness include non-perishable food, water, a first-aid kit, and sanitation supplies.
• Individuals should be prepared to be self-sufficient for at least three days post-disaster.

Republic Act No. 10121

• RA 10121 aims to transform the Philippines' disaster management framework towards disaster risk reduction.
• The act seeks to minimize risks associated with disasters, enhancing community safety and resilience.

Hazard, Exposure, and Capacity

• Hazards are conditions that increase the likelihood of a disaster, often arising from natural or human factors.
• Exposure assesses the likelihood of affected individuals or communities encountering disaster impacts.
• Capacity refers to the resources and capabilities available to manage and respond to disaster situations effectively.

Importance of Risk Assessment

• Conducting risk assessments is vital for identifying potential natural or man-made threats that communities may face.
• Understanding disaster risks allows for better preparedness and resource allocation to mitigate impacts.

Overall Context

• The Philippines ranks third globally in vulnerability to climate change, with over 24% disaster risk.
• It is frequently hit by typhoons, with an average of 20 occurrences annually, underscoring the urgent need for effective disaster management strategies.