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Questions and Answers
What should a person do if they are outdoors during an earthquake?
What should a person do if they are outdoors during an earthquake?
When driving during an earthquake, what is the most important action to take?
When driving during an earthquake, what is the most important action to take?
If a person is on a bus during an earthquake, what should they do?
If a person is on a bus during an earthquake, what should they do?
What should be done immediately after an earthquake?
What should be done immediately after an earthquake?
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What is a recommended action to take after an earthquake regarding power lines?
What is a recommended action to take after an earthquake regarding power lines?
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What does the term 'subsidence' refer to in the context of earthquakes?
What does the term 'subsidence' refer to in the context of earthquakes?
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Which of the following can cause a tsunami?
Which of the following can cause a tsunami?
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What is a seismometer used for?
What is a seismometer used for?
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Which precaution should be taken before an earthquake?
Which precaution should be taken before an earthquake?
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During an earthquake, what is the safest action to take if you are indoors?
During an earthquake, what is the safest action to take if you are indoors?
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After an earthquake, which of the following is a recommended safety measure?
After an earthquake, which of the following is a recommended safety measure?
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Which type of waves are commonly associated with seismic activity?
Which type of waves are commonly associated with seismic activity?
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What should you avoid placing on high shelves before an earthquake?
What should you avoid placing on high shelves before an earthquake?
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What is the primary cause of earthquakes in the Philippines?
What is the primary cause of earthquakes in the Philippines?
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What does the term 'hypocenter' refer to in the context of earthquakes?
What does the term 'hypocenter' refer to in the context of earthquakes?
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Which of the following describes ground shaking?
Which of the following describes ground shaking?
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What does 'liquefaction' refer to in earthquake hazards?
What does 'liquefaction' refer to in earthquake hazards?
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What is measured by the magnitude of an earthquake?
What is measured by the magnitude of an earthquake?
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Which factor does NOT influence the intensity of ground shaking during an earthquake?
Which factor does NOT influence the intensity of ground shaking during an earthquake?
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What are earthquake hazard maps primarily used for?
What are earthquake hazard maps primarily used for?
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What is the impact of ground rupture during an earthquake?
What is the impact of ground rupture during an earthquake?
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Study Notes
Basic Concepts of Hazard
- Hazard Definition: A condition with the potential to cause harm, becoming a disaster when it impacts lives, properties, or the environment.
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Types of Hazards:
- Natural Hazards (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis)
- Human-made Hazards (e.g., industrial accidents)
Earthquake Hazards
- Earthquake Characteristics: A sudden and violent shaking of the ground due to movements within the Earth's crust or volcanic action.
- Philippine Context: Frequent earthquakes due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire and the presence of the Philippine Fault System.
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Key Terms:
- Magnitude: Measures energy released during an earthquake.
- Intensity: Measures the strength of shaking at a specific location.
Ground Effects of Earthquakes
- Ground Shaking: Resulting from seismic waves, influenced by geologic makeup, earthquake intensity, and proximity to the epicenter.
- Ground Rupture: Occurs when fault movement reaches the surface, usually along preexisting faults.
- Liquefaction: Soil saturated with water behaves like quicksand during shaking.
- Ground Subsidence: Lowering of the ground caused by various factors, including seismic activity.
- Tsunami: Series of waves generated by sudden ocean floor displacement, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
- Earthquake-Induced Landslide: Weakened land may collapse due to gravitational forces post-earthquake.
Seismology
- Seismometer: Instrument for measuring surface movements; detects seismic vibrations.
- Seismic Waves: Form of energy released during an earthquake, including Primary (P-waves) and Secondary (S-waves).
Earthquake Preparedness
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Before an Earthquake:
- Create a survival kit containing water, food, first-aid, radio, flashlight, and clothes.
- Secure heavy furniture and check for hazards like hanging objects.
- Have emergency contact numbers accessible.
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During an Earthquake:
- Indoors: Stay calm, duck under sturdy furniture, avoid windows and heavy items; do not use elevators.
- Outdoors: Move away from buildings and structures; seek higher ground in tsunami areas.
- In a Vehicle: Slow down, activate hazard lights, and remain inside until shaking stops.
- Public Transport: Hold on, stay inside, and follow staff instructions.
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After an Earthquake:
- Expect aftershocks and check for injuries or hazards (like downed power lines).
- Stay informed via local broadcasts and avoid damaged areas.
Performance Task
- Students are divided into groups to create skits demonstrating precautionary and safety measures for earthquake scenarios.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the basic concepts of hazards and their transformation into disasters. Students will explore different types of hazards, hazard profiling, and the potential impacts on various elements. Engage with questions that challenge your understanding of disaster readiness and risk reduction.