Disaster Readiness Lesson 3: Basic Concepts of Hazard

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Questions and Answers

What should a person do if they are outdoors during an earthquake?

Run towards the nearest building for safety.
Climb a tree to avoid falling debris.
Stay clear of buildings, trees, and power lines. (correct)
Stay indoors until the shaking stops.

When driving during an earthquake, what is the most important action to take?

Turn on your hazard lights and come to a gradual stop. (correct)
Keep driving as fast as possible to escape the shaking.
Pull over immediately to the side of the road.
Exit the vehicle and seek shelter under a bridge.

If a person is on a bus during an earthquake, what should they do?

Get off the bus and run towards home.
Immediately evacuate the bus when the shaking starts.
Change to a different bus that seems safer.
Hold tightly to the strap or handrail and wait for instructions. (correct)

What should be done immediately after an earthquake?

Check for injuries and assess personal safety. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action to take after an earthquake regarding power lines?

Stay away from downed or damaged power lines. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'subsidence' refer to in the context of earthquakes?

The lowering of the ground due to various causes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause a tsunami?

Undersea volcanic eruption (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a seismometer used for?

To detect vibrations from seismic waves (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which precaution should be taken before an earthquake?

Prepare a survival kit with essential items (D) Signup and view all the answers

During an earthquake, what is the safest action to take if you are indoors?

Duck under a sturdy table and protect your head (A) Signup and view all the answers

After an earthquake, which of the following is a recommended safety measure?

Check for hazards like gas leaks or damaged structures (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of waves are commonly associated with seismic activity?

P-waves and S-waves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should you avoid placing on high shelves before an earthquake?

Breakables that could fall (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of earthquakes in the Philippines?

Geographical location (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hypocenter' refer to in the context of earthquakes?

The point inside the earth where the earthquake starts (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes ground shaking?

Caused by the passage of seismic waves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'liquefaction' refer to in earthquake hazards?

When soil acts like quicksand during seismic shaking (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is measured by the magnitude of an earthquake?

The energy released at the source (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the intensity of ground shaking during an earthquake?

Type of building materials used (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are earthquake hazard maps primarily used for?

To identify areas vulnerable to earthquake damage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of ground rupture during an earthquake?

It breaks the ground surface along fault lines (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Concepts of Hazard

Hazard Definition: A condition with the potential to cause harm, becoming a disaster when it impacts lives, properties, or the environment.
Types of Hazards:
- Natural Hazards (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis)
- Human-made Hazards (e.g., industrial accidents)

Earthquake Hazards

Earthquake Characteristics: A sudden and violent shaking of the ground due to movements within the Earth's crust or volcanic action.
Philippine Context: Frequent earthquakes due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire and the presence of the Philippine Fault System.
Key Terms:
- Magnitude: Measures energy released during an earthquake.
- Intensity: Measures the strength of shaking at a specific location.

Ground Effects of Earthquakes

Ground Shaking: Resulting from seismic waves, influenced by geologic makeup, earthquake intensity, and proximity to the epicenter.
Ground Rupture: Occurs when fault movement reaches the surface, usually along preexisting faults.
Liquefaction: Soil saturated with water behaves like quicksand during shaking.
Ground Subsidence: Lowering of the ground caused by various factors, including seismic activity.
Tsunami: Series of waves generated by sudden ocean floor displacement, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
Earthquake-Induced Landslide: Weakened land may collapse due to gravitational forces post-earthquake.

Seismology

Seismometer: Instrument for measuring surface movements; detects seismic vibrations.
Seismic Waves: Form of energy released during an earthquake, including Primary (P-waves) and Secondary (S-waves).

Earthquake Preparedness

Before an Earthquake:
- Create a survival kit containing water, food, first-aid, radio, flashlight, and clothes.
- Secure heavy furniture and check for hazards like hanging objects.
- Have emergency contact numbers accessible.
During an Earthquake:
- Indoors: Stay calm, duck under sturdy furniture, avoid windows and heavy items; do not use elevators.
- Outdoors: Move away from buildings and structures; seek higher ground in tsunami areas.
- In a Vehicle: Slow down, activate hazard lights, and remain inside until shaking stops.
- Public Transport: Hold on, stay inside, and follow staff instructions.
After an Earthquake:
- Expect aftershocks and check for injuries or hazards (like downed power lines).
- Stay informed via local broadcasts and avoid damaged areas.

Performance Task

Students are divided into groups to create skits demonstrating precautionary and safety measures for earthquake scenarios.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the basic concepts of hazards and their transformation into disasters. Students will explore different types of hazards, hazard profiling, and the potential impacts on various elements. Engage with questions that challenge your understanding of disaster readiness and risk reduction.