18 Questions
What is the phenomenon in which sediments behave like liquid, similar to quicksand, due to an earthquake?
Liquefaction
What is the deformation or displacement of the ground due to movement of a fault called?
Ground rupture
What is a ground shaking-induced downslope movement of ground, soil, or rocks from an elevated area called?
Landslide
What is a series of giant waves in a body of water due to underwater earthquakes called?
Tsunami
What type of earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of faults and plate boundaries underneath the earth's surface?
Tectonic earthquake
What type of earthquake is induced by rising magma or lava over an active volcano?
Volcanic earthquake
What is the focus of post-disaster loss management?
Improving emergency response and support for victims
What is a key characteristic of capacities in disaster readiness?
Positively assisting in mitigating hazards
Which type of hazard is related to typhoons, floods, and droughts?
Hydrometeorological hazard
What causes emergencies that communities cannot handle without outside assistance?
Natural events
What region is prone to natural hazards due to its geographical positioning?
Pacific Ring of Fire
In disaster readiness, what can be done during pre-disaster loss management activities?
Reduce community vulnerability to hazards
What is the term used to describe the release of compressed gas or steam?
Pressure (high temperature)
Which of the following is an example of a biological hazard?
Viruses
What does the red color on the Seismic Design Categories (SDC) map indicate?
Near major active faults capable of producing the most intense shaking
What is the term used to describe smaller earthquakes that follow the largest shock of an earthquake sequence?
Aftershock
Which of the following is an example of a chemical hazard?
Toxic properties of a chemical
What is the term used to describe the disruptive vibration of the ground during an earthquake?
Ground shaking
Study Notes
Types of Hazards
- Kinetic energy: entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment
- Potential or gravitational energy: an object that could fall from a height
- Pressure (high temperature): the release of compressed gas or steam
Categories of Hazards
- Physical hazards: radiation, magnetic fields, pressure extremes
- Biological hazards: bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans
- Chemical hazards: depends on physical, chemical, and toxic properties of the chemical
- Ergonomic hazards: repetitive movements, improper set up of workstation
- Psychosocial hazards: stress and violence
- Safety hazards: slipping/tripping hazards, inappropriate machine guarding, equipment malfunctions or breakdowns
Seismic Design Categories (SDC MAP)
- A. White: very small probability of experiencing damaging earthquake effects
- B. Gray: could experience shaking of moderate intensity
- C. Yellow: could experience strong shaking
- D. Light Brown, Darker Brown, Darkest Brown: could experience very strong shaking (the darker the color, the stronger the shaking)
- E. Red: near major active faults capable of producing the most intense shaking
Effects of Earthquake Ground Shaking
- Ground shaking: disruptive up, down, and sideways vibration of the ground during an earthquake
- Aftershocks: smaller earthquakes that follow the largest shock of an earthquake sequence
- Liquefaction: sediments behave like liquid, reducing strength and stiffness of the soil
- Ground rupture: deformation or displacement of the ground due to movement of fault
- Landslide: ground shaking-induced downslope movement of ground, soil, or rocks from an elevated area
Types of Disasters
- Tsunami: series of giant waves in a body of water due to underwater earthquakes
- Earthquake: shaking of the ground caused by sudden slippage of rock masses below or at the surface of the earth
- Fire: fire hazard is any condition that can cause a fire or make a fire burn more intensely
- Volcanic earthquake: earthquake induced by rising magma or lava over an active volcano
- Tectonic earthquake: type of earthquake caused by the sudden movement of faults and plate boundaries underneath the earth's surface
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
- Impact reduction: reducing the impact of disasters beyond immediate human, physical, or economic losses
- Capacities: positive resources and abilities that help individuals, families, and communities mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from hazards
- Hydrometeorological hazard: hazard related to oceanographic nature, atmospheric conditions, and climate systems such as typhoons, floods, and droughts
- Post-disaster loss management: focuses on improving emergency response and broadening support given to victims
- Pre-disaster loss management: activities focusing on reducing community vulnerability to hazards
Test your knowledge on disaster readiness, risk reduction, and the impact of disasters on a community. Questions cover topics such as natural hazards, emergency response, and the Pacific Ring of Fire.
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