Disaster Management Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What can high population density lead to in the context of disasters?

  • Improved disaster preparedness
  • Reduction in emotional aftershocks
  • Decreased risk of health issues
  • Increased vulnerability and exposure (correct)

Which perspective focuses on the psychological impact of disasters?

  • Economic Perspective
  • Physical Perspective
  • Political Perspective
  • Psychological Perspective (correct)

What is a significant effect of disasters on communities?

  • Food scarcity and water shortage (correct)
  • Increased population growth
  • Economic advancement
  • Enhanced infrastructure development

Which perspective deals with government roles in disaster management?

<p>Political Perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a health risk associated with disasters?

<p>Infectious disease outbreaks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does environmental degradation reduce according to the content?

<p>Ecosystem's capacity to meet needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which effect typically follows psychological trauma from disasters?

<p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does rapid and unplanned urbanization amplify in disaster contexts?

<p>Risks associated with disasters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a physical element?

<p>Access to basic human rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT contribute to the social dimension of vulnerability?

<p>Biodiversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does proper planning influence the physical dimension of vulnerability?

<p>It minimizes potential damage or casualties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes economic elements of vulnerability?

<p>Business and trade activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect that does NOT affect the physical dimension of vulnerability?

<p>Literacy rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is considered under societal elements of vulnerability?

<p>Children and the elderly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an environmental element?

<p>Air quality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does increased susceptibility to hazards indicate about vulnerability?

<p>Higher vulnerability levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary definition of a disaster?

<p>A serious disruption in the functioning of a community due to hazardous events. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are considered in the disaster risk formula?

<p>Hazard, Vulnerability, Exposure, Capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'exposure' refer to in the context of disaster risk?

<p>People and assets in hazard-prone areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'vulnerability' in the disaster risk context?

<p>The susceptibility of individuals and communities to impacts from hazards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered a natural hazard?

<p>Terrorism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is a disaster risk driver?

<p>Climate Change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does poverty influence disaster risk?

<p>It leads to greater vulnerability and disaster impacts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these attributes contributes to a community's capacity to manage disaster risks?

<p>Knowledge and skills available within the community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to higher vulnerability for elderly individuals during disasters?

<p>Physical limitations and health issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of children that affects their vulnerability?

<p>Inadequate ability to defend themselves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does poverty-stricken status increase vulnerability?

<p>Limits access to basic services and education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of structural vulnerability is influenced by location?

<p>Soil condition and elevation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group faces barriers to evacuation during disasters, increasing their vulnerability?

<p>Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of ecosystem degradation on vulnerability?

<p>Higher exposure to environmental disasters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are indigenous peoples more vulnerable to environmental hazards?

<p>Dependency on natural resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines vulnerability in terms of exposed elements?

<p>Identifying weaknesses in various elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can increase disaster risks during events like earthquakes or fires?

<p>Adjacent structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which building characteristic makes taller buildings more vulnerable in disasters?

<p>Poor engineering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor related to the placement of heavy items in buildings?

<p>Placement near doors or windows (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can improper storage of hazardous materials influence disaster risks?

<p>It can cause severe accidents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is considered vulnerable in disaster scenarios?

<p>Children and elderly individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence disaster risk according to the equation Disaster Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure?

<p>Hazard, exposure, and vulnerability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of disaster prevention measures?

<p>To eliminate hazards or exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a mitigation strategy in disaster risk management?

<p>Flood barriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a disaster?

A severe disruption of a community's or society's functioning caused by hazardous events interacting with exposure, vulnerability, and capacity.

What is disaster risk?

The potential loss of life, injuries, or damage to assets within a community due to hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity.

What is a hazard?

A process, phenomenon, or human activity that can lead to loss of life, property damage, health impacts, economic disruption, or environmental degradation.

What is exposure in disaster risk?

People, infrastructure, housing, or other assets located in hazard-prone areas.

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What is vulnerability in disaster risk?

The susceptibility of individuals, communities, or systems to the impacts of hazards, determined by physical factors, social conditions, economic standing, and environmental processes.

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What is capacity in disaster risk?

The strengths, resources, and attributes available within a community or organization to reduce disaster risks and enhance resilience.

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What are natural disasters?

Disasters resulting from natural processes, such as floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, cyclones, and landslides.

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What are human-induced disasters?

Disasters arising from human actions, including chemical threats, cyber-attacks, terrorism, and civil unrest.

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Vulnerability

How easily something can be harmed by a disaster.

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Exposure

The things that could be damaged or destroyed by a disaster, such as buildings, people, or land.

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Physical perspective of a disaster

The damage that is caused to physical items, like buildings and roads, after a disaster.

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Psychological perspective of a disaster

How people feel and react after a disaster, like fear or stress.

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Economic perspective of a disaster

The impact a disaster has on the economy, including lost jobs and money.

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Socio-cultural perspective of a disaster

How a community's culture and beliefs affect their response to a disaster.

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Capacity

The ability of a community to prepare for, cope with, and recover from a disaster.

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Population density

How crowded or dense a population is in a specific area.

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What are exposed elements?

These are tangible or intangible assets that could be affected by a disaster. They can be categorized into physical, societal, economic, and environmental elements.

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What are physical elements?

These include things like bridges, roads, schools, hospitals, power grids, and communication networks. Their damage can significantly impact a community's ability to function after a disaster.

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What are societal elements?

These vulnerabilities relate to factors like age, health, disabilities, and socioeconomic status. They can make people more susceptible to disaster impacts.

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What are economic elements?

These involve economic activities, like businesses, jobs, and trade. Disasters can significantly disrupt these activities, causing economic hardship.

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What are environmental elements?

These include natural resources like land, water, and air. Disasters can damage or pollute these resources, having long-term consequences.

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What is the physical dimension of vulnerability?

This dimension considers the physical characteristics of a location, including geography, building materials, and design. Older or poorly built structures are more vulnerable to damage.

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What is the social dimension of vulnerability?

This considers factors like demographics, education levels, health, and social equity. Communities with limited resources or social cohesion are more vulnerable to disasters.

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What is the economic dimension of vulnerability?

This focuses on the economic susceptibility of a community to disaster impacts. Factors like income levels and economic diversification influence how well a community can recover.

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Ecosystem Degradation

The degradation of natural resources like forests, water, and biodiversity.

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Structure Location and Elevation

Structures on soft soil are more prone to liquefaction and landslides. Coastal areas are susceptible to storm surges and tsunamis. Elevated structures are less vulnerable to floods, but face challenges in evacuation and other hazards.

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Vulnerability in disaster risk

The susceptibility of individuals, communities, or systems to the impacts of hazards, determined by physical factors, social conditions, economic standing, and environmental processes.

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Disaster Risk

The potential loss of life, injuries, or damage to assets within a community due to hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity.

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Exposure in disaster risk

People, infrastructure, housing, or other assets located in hazard-prone areas.

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Capacity in disaster risk

The strengths, resources, and attributes available within a community or organization to reduce disaster risks and enhance resilience.

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Hazard

The likelihood and intensity of a hazard event.

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Mitigation

Reducing the impact of a hazard through measures like flood barriers or retaining walls.

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Prevention

Measures to completely eliminate hazards. Examples include immunization to prevent disease outbreaks or zoning laws to avoid dangerous areas.

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Building vulnerability

The potential for buildings to collapse due to factors like their height, materials, or design.

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Study Notes

Disaster Definition

  • A disaster is a serious disruption within a community or society due to hazardous events interacting with exposure, vulnerability, and capacity.
  • This can result in losses of life, materials, economy, and environment.
  • Example: A typhoon passing through a city.

Disaster Risk

  • Disaster risk is the potential loss of life, injury, or asset damage within a community.
  • This is determined probabilistically by:
    • Hazard
    • Exposure
    • Vulnerability
    • Capacity

Disaster Risk Formula

  • Disaster Risk = (Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure) / Capacity

Key Concepts

1. Hazard

  • A process, phenomenon, or human activity that can lead to:
    • Loss of life
    • Property damage
    • Health impacts
    • Economic disruption
    • Environmental degradation

2. Exposure

  • People, infrastructure, housing, or assets in hazard-prone areas.

3. Vulnerability

  • The susceptibility of individuals, communities, or systems to hazard impacts.
  • Determined by:
    • Physical factors
    • Social conditions
    • Economic standing
    • Environmental processes

4. Capacity

  • The strengths, resources, and attributes within a community/organization to reduce disaster risk and enhance resilience.
    • Knowledge and skills
    • Infrastructure
    • Local leadership and governance

Nature of Disasters

1. Natural Hazards and Disasters

  • Resulting from natural processes:
    • Floods
    • Volcanic eruptions
    • Earthquakes
    • Cyclones
    • Landslides

2. Human-Induced/Man-Made Hazards and Disasters

  • Arising from human actions:
    • Chemical threats
    • Cyber-attacks
    • Terrorism
    • Civil unrest

Disaster Risk Drivers

  • Factors increasing disaster risks:
    • Climate Change
    • Poverty
    • Socio-Economic Inequality
    • Population Density/Growth
    • Rapid and Unplanned Urbanization
    • Environmental Degradation

Different Effects of Disasters

  • Deaths, injuries, missing persons
  • Displaced populations
  • Increased health risks (infectious diseases)
  • Food and water shortages
  • Emotional distress/trauma
  • Economic losses
  • Infrastructure and property damage

Disaster Perspectives

  • Analysing disasters from different perspectives (physical, psychological, socio-cultural, economic, political, biological) to understand the impacts and loss.

Exposure Elements

  • Tangible or intangible elements present in hazard zones.
  • Physical elements: infrastructure (bridges, roads), facilities (schools, hospitals), utilities (power, water), and transportation.

Dimensions of Vulnerability

  • Susceptibility to hazard impacts, influenced by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.

Variation of Vulnerability Across Sectors

  • Age, gender, health status, and poverty can impact vulnerability.
  • Children, elderly, women, persons with disabilities, indigenous people, and poverty-stricken groups are more vulnerable.

Understanding Vulnerability

  • Identifying weaknesses in exposed elements (individuals, communities, etc.).
  • Factors influencing vulnerability:
    • Structure location and elevation (e.g., soft soil prone to liquefaction)
    • Coastal areas susceptible to storm surges and tsunamis

Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Disaster Risk

  • Hazard: likelihood and intensity of an event
  • Exposure: presence of elements at risk
  • Vulnerability: susceptibility of exposed elements
  • Disaster Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability x Exposure

Reducing Disaster Risk

  • Prevention: eliminate hazards or exposures (e.g., immunizations, zoning laws).
  • Mitigation: reduce the impact of hazards (e.g., flood barriers, reforestation).
  • Adaptation: modify behavior to reduce risk (e.g., safe electrical practices, hygiene protocols).

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Disaster Risk and Its Components Review PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts of disaster management, including definitions of disasters, disaster risk, and the components of the disaster risk formula. Understand how hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity interact to influence disaster outcomes.

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