Disability Studies Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does the term disability encompass?

Social and economic limitations only

Impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions (correct)

Only physical impairments

Participation restrictions and emotional issues

What role does an interdisciplinary approach play in disability studies?

It helps to increase awareness of injustices and barriers faced by individuals with disabilities. (correct)

It relies on a single field for information and research.

It focuses solely on physical disabilities.

It diminishes the need for social work education.

Which historical belief contributed to the treatment of individuals with disabilities?

Disabilities were seen as the result of sins of the parents. (correct)

People with disabilities were considered heroes.

People believed disabilities were caused by environmental factors only.

Society viewed disabilities as a result of bad luck.

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on individuals with disabilities?

It resulted in the rise of asylums where disabled individuals were segregated. Signup and view all the answers

What led to the end of institutionalization of individuals with disabilities?

Evidence showcasing its ineffectiveness and ethical concerns. Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the demographic served by residential institutions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Primarily those with mental health issues, intellectual disabilities, and physical disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the societal view of people with disabilities in the late 19th century?

They were viewed as dependent and incapable of exercising civil rights. Signup and view all the answers

What social reform occurred in response to the perception of disabled individuals in the early 20th century?

Reinforcement of beliefs that disabled individuals were incapable and dependent. Signup and view all the answers

What does the social model of disability emphasize as the primary cause of disability?

Societal attitudes and structures Signup and view all the answers

Which model focuses on individuals making their own decisions regarding their lives?

Independent Living model Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant contributions of parents and families following WWII regarding disability advocacy?

Raising awareness for their children's needs Signup and view all the answers

What is a key purpose of Bill S-203 regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder?

To provide financial assistance and support Signup and view all the answers

Which act was introduced in 2001 to address barriers faced by individuals with disabilities in Ontario?

Ontarians with Disabilities Act Signup and view all the answers

What challenge persists despite implementation of government legislation aimed at aiding individuals with disabilities?

Poverty and unemployment Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is associated with enhancing education for diverse student needs?

Universal Instructional Design Signup and view all the answers

What critical issue does the social model of disability identify that affects disabled individuals?

Systemic barriers and social exclusion Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of advocacy for individuals with disabilities?

Empowerment, choice, and self-determination Signup and view all the answers

How should social workers approach clients' needs in their advocacy efforts?

By supporting client needs as described by themselves Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between spirituality and religion in the context of social work?

Religion is primarily about community, while spirituality is a personal search for meaning Signup and view all the answers

In what way can social workers incorporate spirituality into their practice?

By exploring clients' spirituality during the assessment Signup and view all the answers

What historical connection does social work have with spirituality?

It was originally linked to religious practices before diverging Signup and view all the answers

What does the Canadian Society for Spirituality and Social Work emphasize for social workers?

Training in the influences of spirituality and religion on clients Signup and view all the answers

Which approach can help address stigma for individuals with disabilities according to social work principles?

Strength-based approaches Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is essential for social workers when dealing with individuals facing stigma?

Always asking if unsure instead of making assumptions Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential source of strength for clients that social workers may overlook during assessments?

Clients' spiritual or religious beliefs Signup and view all the answers

How should spirituality and religion be regarded in relation to cultural competence in social work?

They should be included as part of cultural competence. Signup and view all the answers

What phrase exemplifies the way some people make meaning of their experiences through spirituality?

Everything happens for a reason Signup and view all the answers

What can social workers do when addressing a client's spirituality following a traumatic experience?

Seek guidance from a client's specific spiritual community. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is associated with understanding human consciousness and connecting to something greater than oneself?

Transpersonal theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of spirituality for individuals dealing with trauma, according to the content?

Spirituality can either strengthen or be rejected. Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, who helped bring mindfulness-based programming to North America?

Jon Kabat-Zinn Signup and view all the answers

What is advised regarding the use of spiritual language in a social work context?

Only use it after understanding the client’s beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What notable system was introduced in Canada to evaluate skilled immigrants?

Comprehensive Ranking System Signup and view all the answers

During which period did Canada experience a significant decrease in immigration due to fear?

The Great Depression Signup and view all the answers

What major change did the 1976 Immigration Act introduce?

Limits and categories for immigration Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the dominant or host culture in the context of immigration?

To influence attitudes toward immigration and diversity Signup and view all the answers

What does the assimilation perspective of acculturation entail?

Moving towards the host culture Signup and view all the answers

What organizational factors can impact acculturation?

Financial and employment instability Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon does acculturation describe according to Kundu and Adams?

Exchange of cultural knowledge between groups Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most notable familial stresses experienced during acculturation?

Acculturation gap between parents and children Signup and view all the answers

What significant factor increased post 9/11 in Canada regarding immigration policy?

Increased fears of racial profiling Signup and view all the answers

Which coping mechanism is NOT listed as a way to cope with immigration and acculturation?

Isolation Signup and view all the answers

Which industries contributed to early immigration in Canada?

Fur trade, farming, and lumber Signup and view all the answers

What defines the 'Abandoned-Providential' immigrant parent's tendency?

Values the dominant host culture Signup and view all the answers

What issue was raised during the 1970s concerning immigration laws in Canada?

Concerns about the abuse of immigration laws Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the IPE tool assess in immigrant families?

Acculturation rates between parents and children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Integration perspective on acculturation?

Merging elements of both cultures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following might represent an implication for social work practice regarding immigrant families?

Utilizing IPE as an assessment tool for family stability Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

What is Disability?

Disability is an umbrella term encompassing impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions.
Disability studies is an interdisciplinary program supporting all aspects of a person's life (physical, emotional, social).
There's increasing need for community support for people with disabilities.
Social work education needs expansion in research and curriculum.

History of Disability

Early recordings of people with disabilities are rare due to high mortality and lack of recording.
Treatment of disabilities varied historically, with beliefs ranging from sin to eugenics.
The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of asylums, largely based on the belief that people with disabilities couldn't contribute to society.
Institutionalization was later deemed ineffective and unethical.
Ideas about eugenics emerged in the mid-18th century and were eventually rejected.

History of Disability (Late 19th & Early 20th Centuries)

Trust in medical authority and industrialization led to segregation of people with disabilities in Canada.
Residential institutions (hospitals, schools, homes) were established.
People with mental health issues, intellectual and physical disabilities were housed in these institutions.
Social reform reinforced the view of people with disabilities as dependent and incapable.
People with disabilities were denied full civil rights.

Medical model: Disability is viewed as a defect, often blaming the person. Professionals often make decisions for the person.
Social model: Disability is created by society's attitudes and structures, not a medical condition.

Independent Living Model

People with disabilities make decisions about their lives, including finances and care, with support services.
The Canadian Paraplegic Association helped pioneer the model.
Focus is on taking a role in the services being administered.

Working with Family Systems

Parents and families have been key advocates for change.
After WWII, parents highlighted needs for education, housing, and employment for their children.
Families encountered resistance from professionals in sharing perspectives.
Immigrant families faced barriers like language differences.

Bill S-203 (Federal Framework on Autism Spectrum Disorder)

Recognizes the need for early and individualized support for autistic people.
Emphasizes the importance of financial assistance to help autistic people and their families.

Education and Employment

The Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2001) sought to identify and remove barriers for people with disabilities.
The Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2005) aimed for a barrier-free public by 2025.
Despite legislation, people with disabilities still face poverty, unemployment, and violence.

The Role of Advocacy

Social workers are essential for identifying stigma and barriers faced by people with disabilities.
Empowerment, choice, and self-determination are crucial elements.
Addressing stigma through a strength-based approach.
Supporting individuals and advocating for their needs in a way that reflects their priorities.

Respect inherent worth and dignity of all people and uphold human rights.
Seek to include diverse marginalized voices.

Defining Spirituality and Religion

Spirituality is the personal search for purpose, meaning, and connection.
Religion is a set of shared beliefs, practices, and traditions.

Social work initially connected with religious practices. However, Social work professionalization turned away from religious aspects towards scientific research.
Combining spirituality and practice has growing interest and alignment.
Social workers should understand the diverse influence that spirituality and religion holds for clients.

Social workers should ask about spiritual/religious beliefs during assessments.
Spiritual Beliefs may be a source of strength.
Spiritual beliefs and experiences may be of distress for clients.

Spirituality & anti-oppressive practices are not incompatible.

Spirituality and Coping

Many cultures have deep connections to spirituality for coping mechanisms.
Social workers should integrate spirituality as a culturally competent consideration.

Finding Meaning

Spirituality/Religion can help clients make sense of experiences, including traumatic ones.
Post-Traumatic Growth is possible; spirituality can be a source of strength.

Use the IPE (Individualized Practice Experience) to assess family stability, parenting styles, and acculturation differences.
Focus on strengths and resiliency.

Working with Individuals

Emphasize family issues, intergenerational relations, and why the family chose to immigrate.
Focus on the family's strengths and resilience.

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Description

Explore the concepts of disability, its historical context, and the evolution of societal attitudes towards individuals with disabilities. This quiz covers the interdisciplinary nature of disability studies and the need for expanded community support and education in social work.