38 Questions
In which case will the dipole moment be large?
When polarities reinforce
What type of arrangement characterizes a nonpolar compound?
Symmetrical arrangement and EN difference less than 0.5
What happens if the dipole moments in a molecule are in opposite directions and of the same magnitude?
The dipoles cancel each other out
What is the defining characteristic of a polar compound?
Asymmetrical arrangement and EN difference between 0.5-1.6
What characterizes a nonpolar compound in terms of dipole moments?
Dipole moments cancel each other out
How does the dipole moment of a compound relate to its polarity?
Dipole moment greater than one means the compound is polar
What geometrical shape is associated with a type of Van der Waal forces?
Tetrahedral
What type of interaction results when two positive ends of polar molecules approach each other?
Repulsive
What effect does branching have on the boiling point of a molecule?
Decreases it
Which molecule type must have N—H or O—H to be able to form a hydrogen bond?
Alcohols
What is the main force responsible for nonpolar molecules interacting temporarily?
London dispersion forces
Which type of molecule has stronger hydrogen bonding according to the text?
Alcohols
What property of a molecule has a strong influence on the boiling point of the molecule?
Hydrogen bonding
Which type of solute will dissolve in a nonpolar solvent?
Nonpolar solute
What effect does chain branching have on the boiling point of molecules?
Decreases boiling point
What is the process involved when a polar solute dissolves in a polar solvent?
Hydration
Which type of substances are characterized as hydrophobic?
Nonpolar substances
What occurs when a weakly attracted nonpolar substance is dissolved in a nonpolar solvent?
Weak attractions between solute and solvent
What is the main functional group in alcohols?
Hydroxyl group
What type of hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon double bonds?
Alkenes
Which compound contains the carbonyl group C=O?
Aldehyde
What does a nucleophile do in a chemical reaction?
Donates electrons
Which hydrocarbon class has single bonds between carbons?
Alkanes
What is the main difference between aldehydes and ketones?
Number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group
What are compounds containing the carboxyl group referred to as?
Carboxylic acids
Which organic compound has the cyano group?
Nitriles
What functional group do ethers contain?
Alkyl groups
What is the electron lover in a chemical reaction?
Electrophile
Which factor determines the strength of an acid according to the text?
Extent of ionization in water
What is the relationship between acid strength and its conjugate base?
Inversely proportional
What determines the acidity of a compound based on hybridization?
$sp$
What effect does resonance have on acidity?
Increases acidity
Which factor stabilizes the anion of a conjugate base more than weaker groups according to the text?
Number of electron-withdrawing groups
What effect does electronegativity have on the $pK_a$ value?
Increases $pK_a$
How does size affect acidity within the periodic table?
Increases down the column
Which groups are known to stabilize a conjugate base through resonance?
$NC$ and $NO_2$
How do alcohols react with strong acids and bases?
$OH$ group reacts similarly to water
What makes an amide less available for bonding to a proton?
Resonance stabilization between amino and carbonyl groups.
Test your knowledge on dipole moments of bonds and molecules, and the concepts of polar and nonpolar arrangements. Understand how lone pairs of electrons and polarities influence the dipole moment's magnitude.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
