30 Questions
Which part of the respiratory tract is characterized by the presence of hyaline cartilage plates?
Trachea
What type of epithelium is typically found in the conducting zone of the respiratory tract?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Which respiratory zone structure is associated with gas exchange in the lungs?
Alveoli
What happens to cilia along the path from the conducting zone to the respiratory zone?
They become non-functional
Which type of bacteria are commonly found in the upper respiratory tract microbiome?
Haemophilus influenzae
Which respiratory tract region is involved in warming and moistening incoming air?
Trachea
What happens to mucous along the path from the conducting to the respiratory zone?
It decreases and eventually disappears
What is the significance of the optimal receptor binding temperature for rhinovirus to ICAM-1?
It affects the immunogenicity of the virus
Why must rhinovirus be less immunogenic due to the way it binds to ICAM-1?
To evade the host immune system effectively
What are the common signs and symptoms of a rhinovirus infection?
Sneezing and runny nose
How does rhinovirus enter the host cell?
Endocytosis via binding to ICAM-1
What is the role of ICAM-1 in the attachment and entry of rhinovirus into the host cell?
Assisting in endocytosis of the virus
Why does the attachment of rhinoviruses to ICAM-1 make them less immunogenic?
It shields viral proteins from immune recognition
Explain why rhinoviruses are classified as picornaviruses.
Their RNA genome is single-stranded.
Which of the following bacteria found in the upper respiratory tract is Gram-negative and requires both hemin and NAD+ to live?
Haemophilus influenzae
Which bacterium found in the upper respiratory tract is known for its ability to break down lactate into ATP and nitrate into nitric oxide?
Veillonella
Among the bacteria mentioned, which one is known for causing conditions like sepsis, pneumonia, toxic shock, and pimples?
Streptococcus aureus
Which of the following is true about Propionibacterium acnes?
It lowers skin pH.
Which bacteria found in the upper respiratory tract is referred to as fastidious, meaning it is difficult to grow in laboratory conditions?
Haemophilus influenzae
Which bacterium found in the upper respiratory tract can be categorized as facultative anaerobic and known for causing meningitis?
Haemophilus influenzae
Which bacterium found in the upper respiratory tract resembles the bacteria responsible for causing diphtheria but does not actually cause the disease?
Propionibacterium acnes
Which of the following bacteria found in the upper respiratory tract is known for its ability to break down nitrate oxide and nitrate into ATP?
Veillonella
What is the initial step in Rhinovirus replication?
Binding to ICAM-1
Which process dissolves the capsid of Rhinoviruses during replication?
Endocytosis
How do Rhinoviruses exit the host cell after assembly?
Lysis
What is the effect of HRV infections on one's susceptibility to bacteria?
Increases susceptibility
How do HRV infections affect tight junctions in the body?
Disrupt them
Which virus cause lysis of host cell?
Adenovirus
Epstein barr virus is the causative agent of Mononucleosis
True
Prevention of Mono is impossible
True
Learn about the diagnosis and treatment of diphtheria, symptoms of the common cold, and the definition of rhinovirus. Explore the signs and symptoms of the common cold, including sneezing, congestion, sore throat, and more.
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