Solid and Semiconductor

What is the primary reason for the breakdown of covalent bonds in a p-n junction diode under reverse bias?

Decreasing the doping concentration of the junction
Increasing the temperature of the junction
Increasing the electric field at the junction (correct)
Decreasing the electric field at the junction

What is the characteristic of a Zener diode?

High forward current
Sharp breakdown voltage (correct)
Low breakdown voltage
High knee voltage

What is the mechanism of avalanche breakdown in a p-n junction diode?

The electric field breaks the covalent bonds
Minority charge carriers collide with the lattice, generating more carriers (correct)
The doping concentration of the junction increases
The photovoltaic effect creates electron-hole pairs

What is the purpose of a Zener diode?

To regulate voltage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between forward bias and reverse bias in a p-n junction diode?

Forward bias decreases the electric field, while reverse bias increases it (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the width of the depletion layer when a diode is forward biased?

It decreases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate value of the forward resistance of a diode?

10 Ω - 25 Ω (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the voltage at which the forward current starts to increase rapidly in a diode?

Knee voltage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum reverse voltage required to cause a breakdown in a germanium diode?

25 V (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of breakdown occurs in a diode when the reverse voltage exceeds a certain threshold?

Zener breakdown (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to diode D1 during the positive half cycle in a half wave rectifier?

It becomes forward biased (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Zener diode in a circuit?

To provide a stable voltage reference (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the minimum voltage required for a diode to conduct current?

Knee voltage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the collector-base junction in a transistor during normal operation?

It becomes reverse biased (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sudden increase in current in a diode due to a high voltage?

Zener breakdown (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a junction transistor, which of the following is true about the base?

It is thin and lightly doped (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the biasing condition for a PNP transistor during normal operation?

Emitter-base junction is forward biased and collector-base junction is reverse biased (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a NPN transistor, what is the direction of the flow of majority charge carriers?

From emitter to collector through the base (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the base in a junction transistor?

To provide proper interaction between the emitter and collector (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between the emitter and collector regions in a junction transistor?

An increase in the current flow across the collector-base junction (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a PNP transistor, what is the voltage at the base-emitter junction when the emitter-base junction is forward biased?

0.2 V (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common configuration of a transistor as an amplifier?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the graphs that describe the relationship between voltages and currents when the emitter of a PNP transistor is common to input and output circuits?

CE characteristics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a transistor in a circuit?

To increase the amplitude of the input signal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the voltage at the collector-base junction when the collector-base junction is reverse biased?

-10 V (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the small base current in a PNP transistor?

5% of emitter holes combine with the electrons in the base region (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the collector current and base current in a transistor?

Ic = Ib + Ie (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reverse bias in a transistor circuit?

To exert a large attractive force on the charge carriers to enter the collector region (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three configurations in which a transistor can be connected in a circuit?

Common collector, common emitter, and common base (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of transistor has a region with a high concentration of holes?

PNP transistor (D) Signup and view all the answers