Solid and Semiconductor
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the breakdown of covalent bonds in a p-n junction diode under reverse bias?

  • Decreasing the doping concentration of the junction
  • Increasing the temperature of the junction
  • Increasing the electric field at the junction (correct)
  • Decreasing the electric field at the junction

What is the characteristic of a Zener diode?

  • High forward current
  • Sharp breakdown voltage (correct)
  • Low breakdown voltage
  • High knee voltage

What is the mechanism of avalanche breakdown in a p-n junction diode?

  • The electric field breaks the covalent bonds
  • Minority charge carriers collide with the lattice, generating more carriers (correct)
  • The doping concentration of the junction increases
  • The photovoltaic effect creates electron-hole pairs

What is the purpose of a Zener diode?

<p>To regulate voltage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between forward bias and reverse bias in a p-n junction diode?

<p>Forward bias decreases the electric field, while reverse bias increases it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the width of the depletion layer when a diode is forward biased?

<p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate value of the forward resistance of a diode?

<p>10 Ω - 25 Ω (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the voltage at which the forward current starts to increase rapidly in a diode?

<p>Knee voltage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum reverse voltage required to cause a breakdown in a germanium diode?

<p>25 V (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of breakdown occurs in a diode when the reverse voltage exceeds a certain threshold?

<p>Zener breakdown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to diode D1 during the positive half cycle in a half wave rectifier?

<p>It becomes forward biased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Zener diode in a circuit?

<p>To provide a stable voltage reference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the minimum voltage required for a diode to conduct current?

<p>Knee voltage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the collector-base junction in a transistor during normal operation?

<p>It becomes reverse biased (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sudden increase in current in a diode due to a high voltage?

<p>Zener breakdown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a junction transistor, which of the following is true about the base?

<p>It is thin and lightly doped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biasing condition for a PNP transistor during normal operation?

<p>Emitter-base junction is forward biased and collector-base junction is reverse biased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a NPN transistor, what is the direction of the flow of majority charge carriers?

<p>From emitter to collector through the base (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the base in a junction transistor?

<p>To provide proper interaction between the emitter and collector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between the emitter and collector regions in a junction transistor?

<p>An increase in the current flow across the collector-base junction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a PNP transistor, what is the voltage at the base-emitter junction when the emitter-base junction is forward biased?

<p>0.2 V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common configuration of a transistor as an amplifier?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the graphs that describe the relationship between voltages and currents when the emitter of a PNP transistor is common to input and output circuits?

<p>CE characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a transistor in a circuit?

<p>To increase the amplitude of the input signal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the voltage at the collector-base junction when the collector-base junction is reverse biased?

<p>-10 V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the small base current in a PNP transistor?

<p>5% of emitter holes combine with the electrons in the base region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the collector current and base current in a transistor?

<p>Ic = Ib + Ie (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reverse bias in a transistor circuit?

<p>To exert a large attractive force on the charge carriers to enter the collector region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three configurations in which a transistor can be connected in a circuit?

<p>Common collector, common emitter, and common base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transistor has a region with a high concentration of holes?

<p>PNP transistor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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