Solid and Semiconductor
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the breakdown of covalent bonds in a p-n junction diode under reverse bias?

  • Decreasing the doping concentration of the junction
  • Increasing the temperature of the junction
  • Increasing the electric field at the junction (correct)
  • Decreasing the electric field at the junction

    • What is the characteristic of a Zener diode?

  • High forward current
  • Sharp breakdown voltage (correct)
  • Low breakdown voltage
  • High knee voltage

    • What is the mechanism of avalanche breakdown in a p-n junction diode?

  • The electric field breaks the covalent bonds
  • Minority charge carriers collide with the lattice, generating more carriers (correct)
  • The doping concentration of the junction increases
  • The photovoltaic effect creates electron-hole pairs

    • What is the purpose of a Zener diode?

    <p>To regulate voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between forward bias and reverse bias in a p-n junction diode?

    <p>Forward bias decreases the electric field, while reverse bias increases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the width of the depletion layer when a diode is forward biased?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate value of the forward resistance of a diode?

    <p>10 Ω - 25 Ω</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage at which the forward current starts to increase rapidly in a diode?

    <p>Knee voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum reverse voltage required to cause a breakdown in a germanium diode?

    <p>25 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of breakdown occurs in a diode when the reverse voltage exceeds a certain threshold?

    <p>Zener breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to diode D1 during the positive half cycle in a half wave rectifier?

    <p>It becomes forward biased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Zener diode in a circuit?

    <p>To provide a stable voltage reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the minimum voltage required for a diode to conduct current?

    <p>Knee voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the collector-base junction in a transistor during normal operation?

    <p>It becomes reverse biased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sudden increase in current in a diode due to a high voltage?

    <p>Zener breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a junction transistor, which of the following is true about the base?

    <p>It is thin and lightly doped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biasing condition for a PNP transistor during normal operation?

    <p>Emitter-base junction is forward biased and collector-base junction is reverse biased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a NPN transistor, what is the direction of the flow of majority charge carriers?

    <p>From emitter to collector through the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the base in a junction transistor?

    <p>To provide proper interaction between the emitter and collector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between the emitter and collector regions in a junction transistor?

    <p>An increase in the current flow across the collector-base junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a PNP transistor, what is the voltage at the base-emitter junction when the emitter-base junction is forward biased?

    <p>0.2 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common configuration of a transistor as an amplifier?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the graphs that describe the relationship between voltages and currents when the emitter of a PNP transistor is common to input and output circuits?

    <p>CE characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a transistor in a circuit?

    <p>To increase the amplitude of the input signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage at the collector-base junction when the collector-base junction is reverse biased?

    <p>-10 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the small base current in a PNP transistor?

    <p>5% of emitter holes combine with the electrons in the base region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the collector current and base current in a transistor?

    <p>Ic = Ib + Ie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reverse bias in a transistor circuit?

    <p>To exert a large attractive force on the charge carriers to enter the collector region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three configurations in which a transistor can be connected in a circuit?

    <p>Common collector, common emitter, and common base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transistor has a region with a high concentration of holes?

    <p>PNP transistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

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