30 Questions
What is the primary reason for the breakdown of covalent bonds in a p-n junction diode under reverse bias?
Increasing the electric field at the junction
What is the characteristic of a Zener diode?
Sharp breakdown voltage
What is the mechanism of avalanche breakdown in a p-n junction diode?
Minority charge carriers collide with the lattice, generating more carriers
What is the purpose of a Zener diode?
To regulate voltage
What is the difference between forward bias and reverse bias in a p-n junction diode?
Forward bias decreases the electric field, while reverse bias increases it
What happens to the width of the depletion layer when a diode is forward biased?
It decreases
What is the approximate value of the forward resistance of a diode?
10 Ω - 25 Ω
What is the voltage at which the forward current starts to increase rapidly in a diode?
Knee voltage
What is the minimum reverse voltage required to cause a breakdown in a germanium diode?
25 V
What type of breakdown occurs in a diode when the reverse voltage exceeds a certain threshold?
Zener breakdown
What happens to diode D1 during the positive half cycle in a half wave rectifier?
It becomes forward biased
What is the purpose of a Zener diode in a circuit?
To provide a stable voltage reference
What is the term for the minimum voltage required for a diode to conduct current?
Knee voltage
What happens to the collector-base junction in a transistor during normal operation?
It becomes reverse biased
What is the term for the sudden increase in current in a diode due to a high voltage?
Zener breakdown
In a junction transistor, which of the following is true about the base?
It is thin and lightly doped
What is the biasing condition for a PNP transistor during normal operation?
Emitter-base junction is forward biased and collector-base junction is reverse biased
In a NPN transistor, what is the direction of the flow of majority charge carriers?
From emitter to collector through the base
What is the primary function of the base in a junction transistor?
To provide proper interaction between the emitter and collector
What is the result of the interaction between the emitter and collector regions in a junction transistor?
An increase in the current flow across the collector-base junction
In a PNP transistor, what is the voltage at the base-emitter junction when the emitter-base junction is forward biased?
0.2 V
What is the common configuration of a transistor as an amplifier?
All of the above
What is the term for the graphs that describe the relationship between voltages and currents when the emitter of a PNP transistor is common to input and output circuits?
CE characteristics
What is the purpose of a transistor in a circuit?
To increase the amplitude of the input signal
What is the voltage at the collector-base junction when the collector-base junction is reverse biased?
-10 V
What is the primary reason for the small base current in a PNP transistor?
5% of emitter holes combine with the electrons in the base region
What is the relationship between the collector current and base current in a transistor?
Ic = Ib + Ie
What is the purpose of reverse bias in a transistor circuit?
To exert a large attractive force on the charge carriers to enter the collector region
What are the three configurations in which a transistor can be connected in a circuit?
Common collector, common emitter, and common base
What type of transistor has a region with a high concentration of holes?
PNP transistor
Learn about the two types of breakdown mechanisms in diodes: Zener breakdown and Avalanche breakdown. Understand the role of electric field and minority charge carriers in these processes.
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