Digital Signature and Cyber Security Terminology

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'hash function' refer to?

An algorithm mapping one sequence of bits into another smaller set. (correct)

An algorithm that creates a sequence of identical bits.

A method for reconstructing the original electronic record from a hash result.

An encryption technique for securing electronic records.

What is computationally infeasible according to the definition of a hash function?

To derive or reconstruct the original electronic record from the hash result. (correct)

To modify the original electronic record without detection.

To generate a new hash result for the same electronic record.

To produce multiple hash results from the same electronic record.

What does a unique key pair consist of?

Two public keys that can be used interchangeably.

A public and a private key specific to each subscriber. (correct)

A public key that can be used by multiple subscribers.

Two private keys only known to the central authority.

For an electronic signature to be considered reliable, which of the following is NOT a requirement?

The signature data must remain confidential from the signatory. Signup and view all the answers

What must be detectable according to the conditions for reliable electronic signatures?

The information after its authentication. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the Central Government with regard to electronic signatures?

To prescribe procedures for verifying electronic signatures. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the conditions for an electronic signature to be considered reliable regarding alterations?

Any alterations after affixing must be detectable. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a hash result?

It will always be the same for the same input data. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a 'body corporate' in this context?

Any company including a firm, sole proprietorship, or association of individuals Signup and view all the answers

What must a body corporate do to avoid liability for data breaches?

Implement and maintain reasonable security practices and procedures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'reasonable security practices and procedures'?

Practices defined specifically in agreements or by the Central Government Signup and view all the answers

What can be classified as 'sensitive personal data or information'?

Personal information specified by the Central Government Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a body corporate being negligent in data protection?

They are liable to pay damages as compensation to affected individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the Controller?

Certifying public keys of the Certifying Authorities Signup and view all the answers

How may the Head Office and Branch Office of the Controller be established?

At any location designated by the Central Government Signup and view all the answers

What conditions must be met for the Controller to recognize a foreign Certifying Authority?

Approval from the Central Government is required Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following specifies the qualifications for employees of Certifying Authorities?

The Controller Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Controller?

Managing the certification process for individual citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is specified by the Controller regarding electronic signature Certificates?

The form and content of electronic signature Certificates Signup and view all the answers

What is required for auditors appointed by the Certifying Authorities?

They must be independent of the Certifying Authority Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the records maintained by the Controller regarding Certifying Authorities?

Specific details as prescribed by regulations Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'digital signature' refer to?

A method for authenticating an electronic record using subscribers' electronic means. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'cyber security'?

Protecting devices and information from unauthorized access and disruption. Signup and view all the answers

What is encompassed by the term 'information' as defined?

Data, messages, images, sounds, and any software or databases. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a 'key pair' in an asymmetric cryptographic system?

A public key and its corresponding private key. Signup and view all the answers

Who can be classified as an 'originator'?

Any person who transmits electronic messages, excluding intermediaries. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Digital Signature Certificate'?

A certificate issued to authenticate a digital signature. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the definition of 'electronic record'?

Any information stored or sent in electronic format. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'private key' refer to?

The key in a key pair that is used to create a digital signature. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines an 'intermediary' in the context of electronic records?

An entity that receives and forwards electronic records on behalf of others. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'prescribed' mean in the defined terms?

Rules established that must be followed under the Act. Signup and view all the answers

What cannot be questioned about the Appellate Tribunal's proceedings?

The appointment of the Chairperson Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes sufficient cause for the Appellate Tribunal to entertain an appeal after forty-five days?

Emergency circumstances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid reason for an appeal to the Appellate Tribunal?

Order made by an adjudicating officer with the parties' consent Signup and view all the answers

Who can file an appeal to the Appellate Tribunal?

Any person aggrieved by an order Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame within which to file an appeal to the Appellate Tribunal?

Forty-five days Signup and view all the answers

What must the Appellate Tribunal do after receiving an appeal?

Give parties an opportunity to be heard Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an appeal is not filed within the specified period?

The Appellate Tribunal may still hear it if sufficient cause is shown Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the members of the Appellate Tribunal?

Their appointment cannot be challenged Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digital Signature: Authentication method for electronic records per section 3 regulations, effective from October 27, 2009.
Digital Signature Certificate: Issued under section 35(4), verifying a digital signature's authenticity.
Electronic Signature: Broadly includes any electronic authentication technique as specified, incorporating digital signatures.
Hash Function: Algorithm that converts data into a fixed-size string of characters, ensuring integrity by making it impossible to retrieve original data from its hash.

Cyber Security Context

Cyber Security: Protective measures for information, equipment, devices, and communications against unauthorized access and modifications.
Sensitive Personal Data: Defined by the Central Government, requiring enforceable security measures for its handling and protection.

Electronic Records and Forms

Electronic Record: Data or information created, stored, or transmitted electronically, encompassing images, sounds, and databases.
Electronic Form: Encompasses various media forms through which information can be generated or stored, including magnetic and optical mediums.

Operational Definitions

Key Pair: A linked pair of keys in asymmetric cryptography, consisting of a private key for creating digital signatures and its public counterpart for verification.
Intermediary: Entities or individuals that facilitate the transmission, storage, or service of electronic records, including ISPs, telecoms, and online platforms.

Regulatory Framework

Controller's Role: Oversees Certifying Authorities, ensures public key certification, sets standards, and maintains an accessible database of these authorities.
Recognition of Foreign Authorities: With prior Central Government approval, foreign certifying authorities can be recognized pursuant to regulatory conditions.

Appeal & Compensation Mechanisms

Appeal Process: Grievances against Controller or adjudicating officer decisions can be appealed to the Appellate Tribunal within 45 days, with provision for late filing under extenuating circumstances.
Compensation for Data Breach: Bodies corporate failing to implement reasonable data protection leading to losses must compensate affected individuals.

Legal and Legislative References

Law Definition: Encompasses various legislative frameworks, including Acts of Parliament and regulations by governmental bodies.
Body Corporate: Encompasses any commercial entities, including firms and sole proprietorships, engaged in business activities.

This structured overview encapsulates vital points regarding digital signatures, electronic records, regulatory frameworks, and legal definitions integral to understanding cyber laws and practices.

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Description

This quiz covers essential terms related to digital signatures and their applications in cyber security. Explore the definitions and implications of concepts such as digital signature certificates, hash functions, and sensitive personal data. Test your understanding of how these elements contribute to electronic records management and protection against unauthorized access.