Digital Media Chapter 2: The Internet Today

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose of ARPAnet when it was created?

To offer Internet access to home users.

To create the first web browsers.

To allow researchers to pool computing power. (correct)

To enable users to browse the World Wide Web.

Which language is fundamental for displaying text and multimedia on the web?

CSS

PHP

HTML (correct)

JavaScript

What transformation occurred with Web 2.0 compared to Web 1.0?

There was a decline in Internet access.

The web became interactive and user-generated. (correct)

Websites became primarily focused on businesses.

The web became read-only.

What advancement facilitated the commercialization of the Internet?

The invention of fiber-optic cables. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Internet service providers (ISPs) play in the accessibility of the Internet?

They provided Internet access to home users. Signup and view all the answers

When did the creation of the World Wide Web primarily take place?

In the late 1980s. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the initial function of bulletin board services?

To allow users to discuss topics of shared interest. Signup and view all the answers

What technology was essential for significantly faster Internet connection speeds compared to earlier methods?

Fiber-optic cables. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Web 3.0?

Semantic Web and Internet of Things Signup and view all the answers

How does social media contribute to online filter bubbles?

By amplifying confirmation bias and promoting similar beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of remix culture?

Increased user roles in mass culture beyond consumers Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge associated with unrestricted communication on the Internet?

Difficulty in spreading misinformation and disinformation Signup and view all the answers

What does the Semantic Web facilitate?

It allows better examination of web pages and databases. Signup and view all the answers

What role do central gatekeepers traditionally play in media?

They determine which messages are circulated. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'remix culture' refer to?

A society where media is created by editing and combining existing works. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Internet of Things affect our environment?

It integrates Internet capabilities into various daily aspects. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cookies in web browsing?

To automatically collect and transfer information Signup and view all the answers

How do social media platforms maximize user engagement?

Through addictive design principles like infinite scroll Signup and view all the answers

What concept assumes that all data sent across the internet should be treated equally?

Net neutrality Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of surveillance states?

Systematic mass surveillance of the population Signup and view all the answers

What do opt-in policies require from websites regarding user data collection?

Explicit permission Signup and view all the answers

What do governments primarily collect personal data for?

National security Signup and view all the answers

What do deepfakes utilize to create convincing fraudulent content?

Advanced digital editing Signup and view all the answers

What do walled gardens offer users?

Highly managed digital environments Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Internet Today

The Internet comprises a global network of fiber-optic lines, wireless connections, and satellites linking digital devices to substantial data centers.
Highest Internet access rates are in Europe, North America, and South Korea, with rapid growth in Africa, parts of Asia, and the Middle East.
Digital communication has transformed and absorbed traditional industries like film, television, and radio.

Development of the Internet (1 of 5)

ARPAnet was established by the U.S. Department of Defense to enable researchers to pool computing resources, evolving into a publicly funded utility in the 1970s and 1980s.
Early Internet users created bulletin board services for discussions on various topics.
Advancements in microprocessors and fiber-optic cables paved the way for the Internet's commercialization.

Development of the Internet (2 of 5)

Web 1.0 marked the inception of the World Wide Web, early web browsers, and an increase in Internet service providers (ISPs).
Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web at CERN in the late 1980s, aimed initially at aiding physicists in document management.
HTML allows the display and linking of text, images, and multimedia, enhancing navigation through web browsers since 1993.

Development of the Internet (3 of 5)

ISPs provided Internet access via dial-up modems; broadband connections later enabled faster download speeds.
Search engines emerged as automated tools to facilitate content discovery online.

Development of the Internet (4 of 5)

Web 2.0 introduced interactivity, evolving the Internet into a read-write platform where user-generated content flourishes.
Wikis serve as collaborative platforms where users can jointly create and edit content.
Social media capitalize on Web 2.0 capabilities, allowing detailed user profiles and personalized content feeds.

Development of the Internet (5 of 5)

Web 3.0 focuses on the Semantic Web and the Internet of Things, allowing computers to understand and respond better to user needs.
These advancements aim to redefine interactions within our media environment.

Our Complex Digital Environment (1 of 4)

The Internet diminishes the power of traditional gatekeepers, reshaping message dissemination.
Unrestricted communication promotes diverse voices while complicating efforts to manage misinformation.

Our Complex Digital Environment (2 of 4)

Online communities facilitate connections among like-minded individuals.
While positive, they risk creating filter bubbles, limiting exposure to differing viewpoints, and reinforcing confirmation bias.

Our Complex Digital Environment (3 of 4)

Analog refers to pre-digital methods of encoding information; digital media allows for easier manipulation.
This manipulation fosters a remix culture, where users create and share content by altering existing works.

Our Complex Digital Environment (4 of 4)

Remix culture empowers user expression and challenges traditional consumer roles in mass culture.
The concept of fair use protects the ability to use copyrighted material without permission, provided it doesn’t affect its market value.
Concerns arise with deepfakes—manipulated content that appears genuine but is misleading.

The Business of Controlling the Internet (1 of 4)

Major corporations like Google, Amazon, and Facebook engage in surveillance capitalism, leveraging personal data for profit.
Practices like data mining and the use of cookies help track user behaviors and preferences.

The Business of Controlling the Internet (2 of 4)

Social media employs addictive design strategies, such as infinite scrolling and emotionally engaging content, to keep users engaged.
Governments also collect personal data under the pretext of national security, leading to systemic mass surveillance.

The Business of Controlling the Internet (3 of 4)

Walled gardens refer to controlled environments on apps and social media platforms limiting user experience to within the app’s framework.
Net neutrality advocates for equal treatment of all data, while some companies argue for tiered pricing to support infrastructure improvements.

The Business of Controlling the Internet (4 of 4)

Growing data security concerns have prompted users to seek control over their information through strategies like opt-in policies and the use of open-source software.
Nonprofit digital archives initiated by librarians aim to enhance data accessibility and privacy.

The Internet, Digital Communication, and Democracy

Universal access encompasses the belief that all citizens, regardless of income or location, should have equal access to the Internet.

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Description

Explore Chapter 2 on the Internet and Digital Media, which discusses the vast networks that connect digital devices and the varying rates of Internet access across the globe. Understand how the Internet influences digital communication, surpassing traditional methods and adapting to new trends in technology.