Digital Logic Design - Booth's Algorithm

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of multiplying 7 by 3 using Booth's Algorithm?

21 (correct)

Which step is NOT typically part of Booth's Algorithm when performing signed binary multiplication?

Performing a two's complement operation

Converting the result into decimal (correct)

Initializing the multiplicand and multiplier

Completing the binary addition

In Booth's Algorithm, what is the purpose of using two's complement?

To convert the binary result into decimal

To modify the multiplicand before multiplication

To represent negative numbers in binary form (correct)

To simplify the multiplication process by reducing the number of operations

Which of the following is true about signed binary multiplication?

It utilizes a specific algorithm for efficient computation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using Booth's Algorithm for signed binary multiplication?

It simplifies the handling of both positive and negative factors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the control signal mode M determine in a binary adder/subtractor?

The operation performed (addition or subtraction) Signup and view all the answers

In the binary adder diagram, what does the output S represent?

The result of the addition or subtraction computation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the carry input Ci in the binary adder/subtractor?

To provide an initial carry for addition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between SRAM and DRAM?

SRAM retains data without needing constant refresh. Signup and view all the answers

Which memory type is primarily used for cache memory?

SRAM Signup and view all the answers

If M=1 in the binary adder/subtractor, what operation is being performed?

Subtraction only Signup and view all the answers

What will be the result F when the binary adder/subtractor receives inputs x=4 and y=2, and M=0?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What feature is true of DRAM compared to SRAM?

DRAM uses a capacitor to store data. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cache memory is correct?

Cache memory speeds up access to frequently used data. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of SRAM?

SRAM generally offers lower density than DRAM. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ALU in the SAP-1?

To execute arithmetical operations Signup and view all the answers

Which register is mentioned as part of the ALU in the SAP-1?

Accumulator (AC) Signup and view all the answers

What type of operations can the ALU perform in the SAP-1 system?

Both arithmetical and logical operations Signup and view all the answers

How many registers does the ALU include for executing operations in the SAP-1?

Two registers including AC Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the SAP-1, what role does the 'another register' serve in the ALU?

It is involved in executing calculations alongside the AC Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the T5 state regarding 𝐶𝐸 and 𝐿𝐴?

Both 𝐶𝐸 and 𝐿𝐴 are active. Signup and view all the answers

What does the operation M[MAR]→A signify during the T5 state?

Data is being transferred from MAR to A. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the T6 state in the LDA routine?

It executes a no operation (nop). Signup and view all the answers

Which clock edge is involved in the action M[MAR]→A?

Positive clock edge. Signup and view all the answers

During which state are 𝐶𝐸 and 𝐿𝐴 both confirmed to be active?

T5 state. Signup and view all the answers

What operation does the instruction 'M[MAR]→IR' perform in the SAP 1 architecture?

It writes the contents of the MAR into the Instruction Register. Signup and view all the answers

In the SAP 1 architecture, what does 'AC+B→AC' signify?

The value in AC is replaced by the addition of AC and B. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'PC→MAR' instruction achieve in the sequence?

It copies the contents of the Program Counter to the Memory Address Register. Signup and view all the answers

Which operation occurs immediately after 'IR[4-15]→ MAR' in the SAP 1 architecture?

Contents are fetched from the memory location specified by MAR. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'PC+1→PC' represent in the context of SAP 1 architecture?

It updates the Program Counter to point to the next instruction in sequence. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Computer Architecture 2024/2025

Course offered by Dr. Elmahdy Maree
Academic year 2024/2025
Lecture 1 is covered

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to describe the design of digital building blocks

Introduction to Computer Architecture and Organization

Computer architecture refers to programmer-visible attributes of a system that impact program execution
- Includes instruction set, number of data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O mechanisms, and addressing techniques
Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections, realizing architectural specifications
- Includes hardware details that are transparent to the programmer, such as control signals, interfaces between computer and peripherals, memory technology

Digital Building Blocks (Registers, Counters)

Registers are computer memory built into the CPU for storing and manipulating data during instruction execution
- Can hold instructions, storage addresses, or data
Buffer Registers
- Registers directly built into processor/CPU also used to store and manipulate data while executing instruction, these may also hold an instruction, a storage address, or any kind of data
- Diagram shows different kinds of buffer register including a controlled buffer register, and hardware implementation showing internal components
Three-State Registers
- A normally open switch & a normally closed switch diagrams are shown, explaining the symbol and function of these, also tables showing the operation of such a switch in a three state buffer register
Shift Registers
- Diagrams show the structure of shift-left and shift-right registers
Bus-Organized Computers
- A bus is a group of wires that transmit a binary word
- Diagrams show bus-organized computer components and their interconnections.

Review of Flip Flops

Covers characteristics and excitation tables for D, T, and JK flip-flops

Computer Components: Top-Level View

A diagram showing the key components of a computer system
- CPU, main memory, I/O module, and the system bus
- Specific registers are identified, including PC, IR, MAR, MBR, I/O AR, I/O BR
IAS stands for Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies (Von Neumann architecture)

Counters

Synchronous Counters: Detailed discussion of their design and functionality.
Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters: Detailed discussion of their design and functionality.
Diagrams and examples show how these counters work, including characteristic and excitation tables

ROM and RAM Design

ROM (Read-Only Memory): Describes different ROM types including mask programmable ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), and electric-erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM).
RAM (Random Access Memory): Details on RAM design.
Memory System covers ROM and RAM components in a computer system.
Diagrams of different types of ROM and RAM chips are presented showing internal components

Cache Memory

Definition of cache memory, its location, and function in a computer system as an intermediate storage area for frequently used data
Memory hierarchy is presented as a pyramid illustrating the different levels of memory in a computer from fastest to slowest

More Details of Computer Components

Diagrams and tables are shown explaining the different parts of a computer system and components.

Questions

A section for questions are included in the slides

Additional Information

Included in the presentation slides on computer architecture.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to Booth's Algorithm and binary arithmetic operations. Test your knowledge on signed binary multiplication, differences between memory types, and the workings of binary adders. Perfect for students studying digital logic design and binary systems.