Digital Forensics Overview
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What is the first step when a digital forensic examination is required?

  • A warrant is executed
  • A lead investigator is appointed
  • An incident is reported (correct)
  • Digital devices are seized

    • What role does the Procurator Fiscal play in the digital forensic process?

  • Decides if the evidence is sufficient for trial (correct)
  • Juries the case
  • Secures the site of the incident
  • Conducts the forensic examination

    • Which document summarizes the findings of the digital forensic examination?

  • The jury's verdict
  • The lead investigator's report
  • The warrant
  • The forensic report (correct)

    • At what stage is the security of the site established in the digital forensics process?

    <p>When the warrant is executed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the examiner be prepared to do during the trial?

    <p>Explain the forensic examination and findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the forensic examination is completed?

    <p>The results are included in the forensic report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines if the case proceeds to trial?

    <p>The Procurator Fiscal's assessment of evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who ultimately decides on the punishment if the defendant is found guilty?

    <p>The judge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Write Blocker?

    <p>To prevent data from being altered during examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which software is commonly used by professional Digital Forensics examiners?

    <p>EnCase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capability does EnCase have that is significant in a legal context?

    <p>It produces court-accepted reports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can FTK Imager do?

    <p>Clone a memory device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of files can be recovered using Digital Forensics software?

    <p>Files that have been lost after formatting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between EnCase and Autopsy?

    <p>EnCase requires a paid license, while Autopsy is free.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional devices can specialist Digital Forensics software typically analyze?

    <p>All types of digital storage devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature allows examiners to identify fragments of files?

    <p>Digital Forensics software functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the criminal offenses created by the Computer Misuse Act, 1990?

    <p>Accessing computer materials without permission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law specifically prohibits passing information on how to hack computers?

    <p>The Computer Misuse Act, 1990</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential penalty is associated with the first offense of the Computer Misuse Act?

    <p>Unlimited fine or imprisonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Human Rights Act, 1998 primarily address?

    <p>Personal freedoms and rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Act was created specifically in response to the rise of personal computers and related crimes?

    <p>The Computer Misuse Act, 1990</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is NOT one of the offenses outlined in the Computer Misuse Act, 1990?

    <p>Making authorized modifications to computer material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laws is NOT mentioned as relevant for Digital Forensics examinations?

    <p>Civic Government (Scotland) Act, 1982</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these actions could result in a breach of the Computer Misuse Act, 1990?

    <p>Accessing someone's computer without permission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if the first letter of the string 'A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.' is changed to lowercase?

    <p>The MD5 hash code will be different.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic details should be included in the System Information before an examination?

    <p>Make, Model, and Serial Number of the device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the input command is changed to use SHA1 instead of MD5, what is expected?

    <p>The hashing outcome will differ from that of MD5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term 'System Information' in the context of examinations?

    <p>Basic device specifications needed for examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if a different single letter in the input name is modified before computing the hash?

    <p>A different hash code will be generated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of file is commonly used to gather information about network traffic?

    <p>Pcap file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What records do phone service providers typically maintain?

    <p>Detailed call history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pieces of information is NOT typically found in mobile device call records?

    <p>Transcription of the call</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge does encryption present to forensic examiners?

    <p>It complicates the extraction of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using TOR by criminals?

    <p>To conceal their online activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a VPN (Virtual Private Network) affect online communication?

    <p>It hides the sender and receiver and encrypts the communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional information can smartphones record even when not actively used?

    <p>Location history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of data encryption in mobile devices?

    <p>Examiners may require advanced methods and tools to access data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of user profiles in modern computer operating systems?

    <p>To store personalized settings and data for each user.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can user profiles be found on a Windows 10-based computer?

    <p>In the Users folder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of account provides very limited access to the computer?

    <p>Public account.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which folder contains information about applications that have been used on the computer?

    <p>AppData folder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly stored on the Desktop folder of a user profile?

    <p>Shortcuts to applications and documents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the hidden 'AppData' folder be revealed in Windows 10?

    <p>By checking the Hidden Items option in the View ribbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Recycling or Trash folder is true?

    <p>It contains files that have been deleted by the user but can be recovered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes the Contacts folder in a user profile?

    <p>It holds the details of contacts saved by the user.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    NPA Cyber Security - Digital Forensics

    • This learner guide covers Digital Forensics for the National Progression Award in Cyber Security
    • The content is split into three levels: National 4, National 5 and Higher
    • Practical tasks are recommended to aid learning and improve practical skills
    • The study material is designed for use with the guidance of a teacher
    • It is funded by the Scottish Government and in partnership with the National Cyber Resilience Leaders' Board

    Contents

    • Introduction: Covers the four principles of digital evidence and how to use the notes
      • Four Principles of Digital Evidence:
        • No action taken should change data that may be relied upon in court
        • Persons accessing original data must be competent and able to explain actions
        • All actions applied to digital evidence should be recorded and preserved
        • Overall responsibility rests with the person in charge of the investigation
    • The Digital Forensics Process: Covers the stages of an investigation
      • Incident: An incident triggering the need for a Digital Forensics investigation
      • Investigation Starts: Lead investigator appointment, warrant application, device seizure
        • Computer Misuse Act 1990, Human Rights Act 1998, Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000: Laws underpinning investigations
      • Seizure: Either by warrant or voluntary surrender
        • By Warrant: Secure the crime scene, identify devices, and record the 'chain of custody'
        • By Voluntary Surrender: The owner gives permission to examine; maintaining records
      • Digital Forensic Examination: This is split into acquisition, analysis and reporting.
        • Acquisition: Collecting digital information while preserving the originals
          • Capturing Digital Evidence: Imaging memory, imaging drives, verification, system information
          • Chain of Custody: Detailed recording of actions taken with evidence
        • Analysis: Putting evidence in chronological order, examining trends, and searching for correlations
        • Reporting: Creating a forensic report and submitting to Procurator Fiscal
      • Trial: The forensic report is used as evidence in court; examiner must be able to explain findings to the jury
      • Verdict: Jury decides on guilt or innocence, Judge imposes any penalties if found guilty

    Data Acquisition

    • At the Crime Scene: First responders secure the scene, preserve evidence, and provide records including photographs and video
    • Digital examination: This is a thorough looking at the entire systems. This is done to preserve the original state to enable repeatability to be confirmed.
    • Imaging Memory: Creating a copy of the device's memory, while the device is 'on'. This is to preserve the memory's contents. A 'working copy' and a 'prime copy' are created
    • Imaging Drives: Copying all storage media to preserve their contents. A 'working copy' and a 'prime copy' are created
    • Verification: Using 'Hashing' to verify the accuracy of copies. This process ensures the copy is a precise reproduction of the original
    • System Information: Gathering details like make, model, serial number, operating system, and applications on the device

    Analysing Digital Evidence

    • Timeline: Creating a timeline of events, linking them to specific users, and correlating them with other evidence
    • Relationships: Identifying relationships between users, devices, and files.
    • Network Analysis (Level 6): Investigating network traffic and connections for evidence
    • Reporting Findings: Summarizing the findings, remaining objective, and using 'likelihood' based conclusions to present them

    Further Study

    • The use of smartphones, social media, cloud computing and 'Internet of Things' devices, along with the rise of digital assistants, require new techniques and tools

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental aspects of digital forensics in this quiz. From the initial steps in a digital forensic examination to the roles of key players in the legal process, test your knowledge on how digital evidence is handled and presented in court. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refresh your skills, this quiz covers essential concepts in digital forensic analysis.

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