Digital Forensics Investigation Types and Roles
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main responsibilities of the case technician in an investigation?

  • Reporting findings to regulatory bodies
  • Managing digital evidence and chain of custody (correct)
  • Conducting the initial investigation
  • Performing the final analysis and report production

    • Which role typically performs the final investigation and produces the report?

  • Case manager
  • Case technician
  • Examiner
  • Analyst (correct)

    • In an internal investigation, if new criminal activity is discovered, what obligation may arise?

  • To conduct a separate trial for the suspect
  • To disclose to the Information Commissioner’s Office (correct)
  • To halt the investigation immediately
  • To report to the Internal Revenue Service

    • Which of the following statements is correct about the burden of proof in criminal cases?

    <p>It is the responsibility of the prosecution to prove the defendant's guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key skill is emphasized as necessary for forensic investigators due to the nature of their work?

    <p>Ability to present technical information effectively to non-experts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if an investigation initially focused on corporate designs reveals personal client data exfiltration?

    <p>It shifts to a criminal matter that requires reporting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically required of forensic investigators?

    <p>Experience in financial management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of an investigation, what is a primary role of case managers?

    <p>Internally assign tasks and coordinate the investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gathering intelligence by law enforcement authorities?

    <p>To make arrests and seize artefacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who grants the authority for law enforcement to conduct searches and arrests in the UK?

    <p>A magistrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required from the case manager before applying for a search warrant?

    <p>Sufficient intelligence to convince the magistrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a relevant artefact in a digital investigation?

    <p>Magazines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does the ACPO emphasize regarding actions taken by law enforcement?

    <p>No actions should alter data that may be used in court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professionals are generally involved in the seizure of relevant artefacts during an investigation raid?

    <p>Crime scene investigators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is set in motion once a search or arrest warrant is granted?

    <p>Planning and management of the operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is typically NOT part of the law enforcement operation when executing a raid?

    <p>Collecting evidence by any means necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence is described as supporting a given theory?

    <p>Inculpatory evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of circumstantial evidence in an investigation?

    <p>It shows circumstances that lead to a conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of evidence can create reasonable doubt in an investigation?

    <p>Exculpatory evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes direct evidence from other types of evidence?

    <p>It supports the truth of an assertion directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be considered an example of inculpatory evidence?

    <p>Emails planning a crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does circumstantial evidence become more valid as proof of a fact?

    <p>Alternative explanations have been ruled out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not typically considered direct evidence?

    <p>A discussion about the suspect's motives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of exculpatory evidence?

    <p>It contradicts claims made against an accused person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a user opts not to store a SHA1 hash during DFI creation?

    <p>The tool stores the SHA1 hash as zeroes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Computed Hash in the DFI process?

    <p>To compare the stored hash with a recalculated version.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hash type does FTK Imager produce if it does not complete the SHA1 hash?

    <p>Only the MD5 hash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scenario with TrashedDisk.E01, what is notable about the SHA1 hash?

    <p>It is reported but does not indicate a match or mismatch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a mismatch between MD5 hashes indicate during the DFI process?

    <p>The original data may have been altered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Report Hash' refer to in the context of the DFI creation process?

    <p>The MD5 hash shown in the verification dialogue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a DFI creation tool provides options for hashing, what factors may influence user choice?

    <p>The user's preference for security and storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can Autopsy not confirm a match or mismatch for the SHA1 hash when analyzing Animal.E01?

    <p>The SHA1 hash was not generated during creation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must investigators be cautious when attending to social media accounts?

    <p>The suspect's shared information is limited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an investigator do when reading unread messages on a suspect's social media account?

    <p>Explain to the courts that the status changes to 'read'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ingest modules in case preparation?

    <p>To preprocess data and auto-categorize evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of data can ingest modules reveal?

    <p>Web cookies and browser bookmarks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be reported in the investigative report regarding forensic hygiene?

    <p>Software used, including version numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should an investigator use a body cam or take screenshots during an investigation?

    <p>When using the suspect's machine through a virtual machine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation faced by investigators when browsing social media accounts?

    <p>Limited visibility into the suspect's shared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What future improvement is suggested for ingest modules?

    <p>To develop more and better modules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digital Forensics Investigation Types

    • The term "court" is used broadly in digital forensics to refer to any entity that requests the investigation or receives its outcome
    • Investigations can change types as they progress. For example, an internal investigation into data exfiltration may change to a criminal investigation.

    Forensic Roles

    • Case Technician: Manages digital evidence, creates forensic images, prepares cases for investigation, and handles the chain of custody.
    • Examiner: Initiates the investigation, bookmarks and categorizes evidence.
    • Analyst: Conducts the final investigation and creates the report. LEAs might combine the roles of examiner and analyst.
    • Forensic investigators require a mix of skills – technical knowledge of computers, legal understanding, and communication skills, as reports are presented to audiences who might not understand IT.

    Burden of Proof

    • Criminal cases are handled by a law enforcement authority (LEA).
    • Inculpatory evidence: Supports a given theory. It might include emails, texts, or social media posts that show planning or involvement in a crime.
    • Exculpatory evidence: Contradicts a theory and introduces reasonable doubt, like a suspect claiming they were on leave when emails were sent.
    • Direct evidence: Directly supports a truth without inference, like a witness claiming they saw a crime.
    • Circumstantial evidence: Provides circumstances that lead to a conclusion but requires an inference to connect it to a fact. It's often used to build a case and can corroborate other evidence.

    Law Enforcement Process

    • LEAs gather intelligence about suspects' activities.
    • When enough intelligence is gathered, LEAs seek warrants to make arrests, seize property, and search locations.
    • Case managers must convince magistrates to grant warrants based on intelligence.
    • LEAs plan raids, mobilizing firearms officers, fingerprint specialists, and crime scene investigators.
    • Digital investigators rarely attend raids. They rely on crime scene investigators to seize equipment and case technicians to create forensic images.

    Data Seizure

    • Artefacts refers to devices like laptops, PCs, iPads, mobile phones, SD cards, USB sticks, external hard drives, IoT devices, and dashcams.
    • ACPO principle 1 emphasizes that no action taken by law enforcement should change data that could be used in court.

    Forensic Considerations on Social Media Accounts

    • Investigators should be cautious with social media accounts.
    • Browsing accounts from third-party machines provides limited information - only what the suspect has chosen to share.
    • Using the suspect's machine (through a virtual machine) to investigate social media requires documentation using body cams or screenshots because reading messages changes their status.

    Case Preparation

    • Ingest modules: Pre-process data within storage systems to make it accessible and categorize evidence.
    • They identify file patterns, hash matches, mismatched extensions, URLs, email addresses, web bookmarks, and USBs attached to a computer.
    • Results are displayed for examiners.
    • More research is needed to develop more ingest modules.

    Forensic Hygiene

    • Investigators should report the software and version used, the machine used for the investigation, and document hash values.
    • Some tools only store MD5 hashes, while others provide users with the option to store both MD5 and SHA1 hashes.
    • DFI (Digital Forensic Image) verification: FTK Imager recalculates hashes from DFI data blocks and compares them to stored verification hashes.
    • DFI creation tools often create a text report of the DFI creation process.

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    Related Documents

    Principles of Digital Forensics PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers various types of digital forensics investigations and the roles involved in the process. It details the responsibilities of case technicians, examiners, and analysts, as well as the significance of adapting investigation types based on circumstances. Enhance your understanding of digital forensics with this informative quiz.

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