Questions and Answers
What is the binary representation of the decimal number 5?
Which code requires seven bits for each character?
How many characters can Extended ASCII represent?
What digits does the binary number system utilize?
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What is an example of character data?
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What is the term used to refer to a single binary digit?
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Which of the following correctly describes the process of digitization?
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What distinguishes ASCII from binary representation?
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Which of the following storage units is equivalent to 1,024 bytes?
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What type of compression retains all original data when the file is uncompressed?
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Study Notes
Digital Basics
- Data represents symbols for various entities, including people, events, and ideas. It can include names, numbers, colors, or musical notes.
- Data Representation is how data is stored, processed, and transmitted in digital formats by devices like smartphones and computers.
- Digitization converts information into a form that electronic devices can manipulate, forming the basis of the digital revolution, which transitioned from large standalone computers to ubiquitous small devices.
Data Encoding
- Binary digits (bits) represent digital data using 0s and 1s; each bit can be either 0 or 1.
- A digital file is a collection of data stored on media like hard drives, CDs, or flash drives.
Representing Numbers
- Numeric data is represented using the binary number system (base 2), which only includes 0 and 1.
- The conversion of decimal numbers to binary can be illustrated as follows:
- Decimal 0 = Binary 0
- Decimal 1 = Binary 1
- Decimal 2 = Binary 10
- Decimal 3 = Binary 11
- and so on up to Decimal 10 = Binary 1010.
Representing Text
- Character data includes letters, symbols, and numerals not used for calculations, commonly referred to as "text."
- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) uses seven bits per character; for example, uppercase 'A' is represented as 1000001.
- Extended ASCII uses eight bits and can represent 256 characters.
- Unicode utilizes sixteen bits, allowing representation of 65,000 characters, beneficial for multiple languages; UTF-8 adapts between ASCII and Unicode.
Bits and Bytes
- Bit (lowercase 'b') is a single binary digit (0 or 1), while a byte (uppercase 'B') consists of eight bits.
- Digital storage terminology includes:
- Kilobit (Kb) = 1,024 bits
- Kilobyte (KB) = 1,024 bytes
- Megabit (Mb) = 1,048,576 bits
- Megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes
- Gigabit (Gb) = 2^30 bits
- Gigabyte (GB) = 2^30 bytes
- Terabyte (TB), Petabyte (PB), and Exabyte (EB) follow similarly.
Data Rates and Storage Capacities
- Use bits for data rates (Internet speeds) and bytes for file sizes.
- Examples include:
- 56 Kbps for slow Internet connections
- 3.2 MB for photo sizes
- 100 Gbps for high-speed networks
Compression
- Data compression reduces file size and transmission time by recoding data to contain fewer bits, often termed "zipping."
- Two types of compression:
- Lossless compression maintains the original data intact, allowing full restoration.
- Lossy compression discards some original data, leading to differences in the uncompressed output.
- Compression utilities simplify the zipping process, while reconstituting files is known as extracting or unzipping. Common file extensions for compressed files include .zip, .gz, .pkg, or .tar.gz.
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Description
Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts of digital data representation. This quiz covers key topics such as binary numbers, ASCII text, and data storage technologies. Challenge yourself to demonstrate your knowledge of bits, bytes, and digitization.
