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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the digestive system?
What is the main function of the digestive system?
Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient?
Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient?
What is the building block of proteins?
What is the building block of proteins?
Which type of digestion involves the physical breakdown of food?
Which type of digestion involves the physical breakdown of food?
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What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
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Where does digestion begin?
Where does digestion begin?
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What is the function of salivary amylase?
What is the function of salivary amylase?
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What is the approximate length of the average male's digestive tract?
What is the approximate length of the average male's digestive tract?
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What is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine?
What is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine?
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What happens to food after it has been broken down into smaller particles in the stomach?
What happens to food after it has been broken down into smaller particles in the stomach?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
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What is the primary role of enzymes in the digestive process?
What is the primary role of enzymes in the digestive process?
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What is the relationship between the small intestine's length and its function?
What is the relationship between the small intestine's length and its function?
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What is the role of health gut bacteria in the digestive system?
What is the role of health gut bacteria in the digestive system?
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What is the correct sequence of the digestive system, starting with the mouth?
What is the correct sequence of the digestive system, starting with the mouth?
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What is the main function of the gallbladder?
What is the main function of the gallbladder?
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What is the primary function of the nephrons in the kidneys?
What is the primary function of the nephrons in the kidneys?
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Which process allows water to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the tubules in the nephrons?
Which process allows water to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the tubules in the nephrons?
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What happens to the clean blood after it is filtered by the nephrons?
What happens to the clean blood after it is filtered by the nephrons?
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Approximately how much blood passes through the kidneys each day?
Approximately how much blood passes through the kidneys each day?
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Which of the following is NOT a waste product that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys?
Which of the following is NOT a waste product that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys?
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What is the role of the ureters in the urinary system?
What is the role of the ureters in the urinary system?
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What is the approximate capacity of the bladder?
What is the approximate capacity of the bladder?
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Which of the following substances is reabsorbed back into the blood through active transport?
Which of the following substances is reabsorbed back into the blood through active transport?
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Which organ is responsible for converting ammonia to urea?
Which organ is responsible for converting ammonia to urea?
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What is the main way the lungs contribute to excretion?
What is the main way the lungs contribute to excretion?
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Which of the following is NOT a major detoxification organ?
Which of the following is NOT a major detoxification organ?
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Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting motion and coordination?
Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting motion and coordination?
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What happens to urea after it is produced in the liver?
What happens to urea after it is produced in the liver?
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Which of the following is a key role of the intestines in excretion?
Which of the following is a key role of the intestines in excretion?
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What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
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What is the primary function of the kidneys in excretion?
What is the primary function of the kidneys in excretion?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?
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Which type of neuron carries information from the central nervous system to muscles or organs?
Which type of neuron carries information from the central nervous system to muscles or organs?
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Which of the following substances is directly produced by the liver during detoxification?
Which of the following substances is directly produced by the liver during detoxification?
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What is the role of the frontal lobe in the brain?
What is the role of the frontal lobe in the brain?
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Where are cell bodies mostly found in the brain?
Where are cell bodies mostly found in the brain?
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What is the main function of the peripheral nervous system?
What is the main function of the peripheral nervous system?
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Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting visual information?
Which part of the brain is responsible for interpreting visual information?
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What is the main function of the heart's left side?
What is the main function of the heart's left side?
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What happens to blood as it passes through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
What happens to blood as it passes through the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
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Which of the following is NOT a condition that can affect the heart?
Which of the following is NOT a condition that can affect the heart?
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What is the role of the circulatory system in delivering oxygen to the body?
What is the role of the circulatory system in delivering oxygen to the body?
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What does the higher number in a blood pressure reading indicate?
What does the higher number in a blood pressure reading indicate?
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What does the term "deoxygenated blood" refer to?
What does the term "deoxygenated blood" refer to?
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Which of the following is a key difference between the right and left sides of the heart?
Which of the following is a key difference between the right and left sides of the heart?
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What is the significance of the circulatory system's ability to deliver nutrients to each cell?
What is the significance of the circulatory system's ability to deliver nutrients to each cell?
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Study Notes
Organ Systems
- The human body is made up of six major organ systems.
- Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems.
- The organ systems are responsible for various functions crucial for survival.
Digestive System
- Involved in breaking down and absorbing food.
- Digestion begins in the mouth with physical breakdown by teeth and chemical breakdown by saliva enzymes.
- Key components: teeth, saliva, enzymes.
- Different sources of energy for organisms include carbohydrates (sugars/starches), lipids (fats/oils), and proteins.
- Cellular use of energy requires these sources to be broken down.
- The digestive system accomplishes this breakdown.
- Digestion includes physical/mechanical breakdown and chemical breakdown using enzymes.
- Enzymes are proteins that break down substances into smaller pieces.
- The building blocks of carbohydrates are glucose.
- The building blocks of fats are lipids.
- The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
Digestive System - Components
- Salivary amylase begins chemical digestion by breaking down starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules.
- Saliva contains amylase.
- Food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth, then it moves to the stomach where it is churned and mixed with gastric juice.
- Gastric juice is made of mucus, hydrochloric acid, and enzymes that allow for the chemical breakdown of food into smaller particles.
- The esophagus is a tube-like organ that carries food from the throat to the stomach.
- The stomach mechanically breaks down more food, mixes it with gastric juice, and pushes it into the small intestine.
- The small intestine breaks down starches/carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids into smaller pieces with the help of enzymes.
- The liver produces bile that breaks down fat.
- The gallbladder stores bile and releases it into the small intestine.
- Enzymes secreted from the pancreas help break lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins down.
- The small intestine absorbs the nutrients.
- The large intestine absorbs water, vitamins, and minerals.
- Any undigested food is formed into feces and collected in the rectum.
- The average male's digestive track is 9 meters long.
- The digestive system is a long tube.
- The digestive system starts at the mouth and ends at the rectum.
Other Key Points
- The human gut contains 100 trillion bacteria, outnumbering your own cells 10:1.
- Healthy gut bacteria help digest food and extract vitamins.
- Bacteria outnumber your own cells' 10 to one and make up about 1-3% of your body mass.
- The respiratory system is responsible for supplying the blood with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
- The respiratory system uses the actions of the rib cage and diaphragm (muscle) to move air in and out of the lungs.
- Capillaries surround the alveoli.
- Lungs: remove carbon dioxide.
- Heart: pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body and receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
- Kidneys: filter waste products like urea, water, and salts.
- The blood is filtered about 300 times in one day in an average person.
- In average, about 1.5L of urine is released per day.
Circulatory System
- Transports nutrients, oxygen, and removes waste products.
- The circulatory system has three main responsibilities: delivering absorbed nutrients to each cell, delivering oxygen to each cell, and removing waste products from each cell.
- The length of all the blood vessels, together, is about 2 ½ times around the Earth.
- The system includes the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma).
- Heart has four chambers: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle.
- Heart pumps blood to the lungs and body and receives blood from them.
Muscular System
- Muscles help you move.
- You have different types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
- Muscles are important for movement.
Skeletal System
- Forms the framework of the body.
- Provides structure and support.
- Protection for internal organs.
- The Skeleton is attached to Muscles in the body that help you move.
Nervous System
- Communicates information throughout the body.
- Two main components: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.
- The PNS includes nerves that extend to all parts of the body.
- Neurons (cells) form the nervous system; send and receive messages.
- Three main parts of the brain are, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medullla.
Other Information
- Blood is composed of different components—red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fight infection), platelets (help with clotting), and plasma (liquid part of the blood).
- The smallest functional unit of a kidney is called a nephron.
- The role of a nephron is to filter waste from the blood and produce urine.
- Blood is filtered through the kidneys about 300 times each day.
- A few diseases of the lungs and kidneys are COPD (damage to the lungs), lung cancer, and cystic fibrosis.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the human digestive system with this engaging quiz. Learn about the functions, processes, and important components involved in digestion. Perfect for biology students and anyone interested in understanding how our bodies process food.
