Digestive System Processes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of saliva in the digestive process?

  • To initiate the digestion of proteins
  • To moisten and clean the oral cavity (correct)
  • To break down lipids
  • To stimulate the taste buds

Which of the following processes is responsible for the physical breakdown of food in the mouth?

  • Microbial digestion
  • Chemical digestion
  • Mechanical digestion (correct)
  • Absorption

Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of carbohydrates?

  • Amylase (correct)
  • Lipase
  • Pepsin
  • Lysozyme

What is the role of mucous in the digestive process?

<p>To lubricate food for easier swallowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the chemical digestion process primarily involve?

<p>Hydrolysis of macromolecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of lysozyme in saliva?

<p>To protect against bacterial decay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which digestive process is food moved through the digestive tract by muscular contractions?

<p>Mixing and movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of saliva?

<p>6.8 to 7.0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestion occurs in protozoa like flagellates and paramecium?

<p>Microbial digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the last stage of the digestive process?

<p>Defecation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of amylase in the digestive process?

<p>Hydrolyze carbohydrates into maltose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is secreted by the pancreas as an inactive form and later activated?

<p>Trypsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bile in the digestive system?

<p>Emulsify fats and aid in fat-soluble vitamin absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of digestion is gastric secretion primarily controlled by gastrin?

<p>Gastric phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the function of the colon is true?

<p>The primary function is to reabsorb water and form semisolid feces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do mucous secretions in the gastrointestinal tract aid in?

<p>Facilitating the movement of food through the digestive tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme specifically hydrolyzes maltose into two glucose units?

<p>Maltase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of enterokinase in the intestinal phase of digestion?

<p>Activates pancreatic enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is primarily absorbed in the small intestine?

<p>Monosaccharides and small peptides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of amylase in the oral cavity?

<p>To break down carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about gastric digestion is correct?

<p>Pepsin functions as an inactive enzyme initially. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protects the stomach wall from being digested by its own acids and enzymes?

<p>Mucin (A), Mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers an increase in saliva secretion?

<p>Vision or smell of food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach?

<p>Pepsin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gastric lipase in digestion?

<p>Digest lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the digestive system does no absorption of food occur?

<p>Stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme in the stomach is involved in the digestion of milk proteins?

<p>Rennin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for converting pepsinogen to pepsin in the stomach?

<p>Hydrochloric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mucin in the stomach?

<p>To protect against friction and acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amylase

An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that breaks down carbohydrates into maltose.

Trypsin

An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Lipase

An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Sucrase

An enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose.

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Lactase

An enzyme secreted by the intestinal mucosa that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

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Maltase

An enzyme that breaks down maltose into glucose and glucose.

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Bile

A substance secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps in digestion and absorption of fats.

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Digestion

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb.

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Absorption

The process of taking nutrients from the digestive system into the bloodstream.

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Colon's function

The main function of the colon is to reabsorb water and some minerals, leaving semisolid feces for excretion.

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Motality

The movement of food through the digestive tract, involving muscular contractions and mixing.

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Mixing & Movement of Food

The process of mixing and breaking down food mechanically by chewing and muscular contractions.

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Defecation

The process of eliminating undigested waste material from the body.

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Saliva

A watery fluid produced by salivary glands in the mouth.

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Salivary Amylase

An enzyme found in saliva that begins the digestion of starch.

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Mucous

A mucous substance in saliva that lubricates food for easy swallowing.

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What is Amylase?

The enzyme found in saliva that breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars, like glucose, which can be absorbed by the body.

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What does Lysozyme do in the mouth?

Lysozyme, an enzyme found in saliva, helps protect your mouth from bacteria by breaking down bacterial cell walls.

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What's the main process happening in the stomach during digestion?

The process of breaking down food in the stomach primarily involves the action of gastric juices containing enzymes like pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

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What does Hydrochloric acid (HCL) do in the stomach?

Hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the stomach helps activate pepsinogen into pepsin, plays a role in digestion, and additionally kills harmful bacteria.

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What is Pepsin's role in the stomach?

Pepsin, a powerful enzyme, breaks down long chains of protein into shorter chains called peptones.

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What is Rennin's function?

Rennin, primarily active in young mammals, helps digest the milk protein caseinogen.

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Where does the majority of lipid digestion occur?

Even though the stomach has some lipid digestion, it is primarily done in the small intestine, where it is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

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How does the stomach protect itself from being digested?

Mucin, a protective substance in the stomach, helps prevent the stomach lining from being damaged by enzymes and acids.

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Where does the majority of nutrient absorption happen?

The small intestine is the main location where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place.

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What three things are involved in digestion in the small intestine?

The small intestine relies on a combination of pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice to break down food and help with the absorption of nutrients.

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Study Notes

Digestive System

  • The digestive system breaks down large food molecules into smaller, absorbable units using enzymes and motility in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
  • Examples of breakdown include: proteins to amino acids, lipids to fatty acids and glycerol, and carbohydrates to monosaccharides.

Digestion Processes

  • Mechanical: Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, achieved through chewing, stomach contractions, and intestinal movements. Chemical structure remains unchanged.
  • Chemical: Macromolecules are broken down into smaller molecules by enzymes (catabolism). This occurs from the mouth to the anus.
  • Microbial: Some digestion is done by microorganisms like protozoa (e.g., flagellates and paramecia), particularly in the breakdown of cellulose.

Digestive Processes in Detail

  • Ingestion: Taking food into the mouth.
  • Mixing and Movement: Muscular contractions (peristalsis) mix food and move it through the digestive tract.
  • Digestion: Breakdown of food through mechanical and chemical means.
  • Absorption: Passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.
  • Defecation: Elimination of waste.

Buccal Digestion (Mouth)

  • Food is digested in the mouth by cutting and grinding with teeth, mixing with saliva.
  • Saliva (99% water, 1% inorganic & organic):
    • Amylase begins starch digestion.
    • Mucus lubricates food (bolus).
    • Lysozyme destroys bacteria.
    • Electrolytes (e.g., Na, K, Cl, and bicarbonate ions).
  • Saliva's pH is 6.8-7.0.
  • Saliva moistens and cleans the oral cavity, helps form a bolus, and contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion.
  • Note: This stage doesn't fully digest proteins or lipids.

Gastric Digestion (Stomach)

  • The stomach digests food using gastric juices secreted by tubular glands.
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl): Converts pepsinogen to pepsin, helps in digestion, kills microorganisms.
  • Pepsin: Breaks down proteins into peptones.
  • Rennin: Digests milk protein in young mammals.
  • Gastric Lipase: Digests lipids, but is slower.
  • Mucin: Protects stomach lining from acid and enzymes.

Intestinal Digestion (Small Intestine)

  • Food digestion continues in the small intestine via pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juices.
  • Pancreatic Juice: Contains enzymes for carbohydrate, protein, and fat digestion.
    • Amylase: Breaks down carbohydrates to maltose.
    • Trypsin: Breaks down proteins.
    • Lipase: Breaks down fats.
    • Sucrase, Lactase, Maltase: Break down specific sugars.
  • Bile: Produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Aids in fat digestion (emulsification).
    • It helps in fat digestion and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
  • Intestinal juice contains enzymes that complete digestion.

Intestinal Digestion (Large Intestine)

  • Main function: Reabsorption of water, some minerals, and vitamins from undigested material.
  • Produces semi-solid feces for egestion.

Control of Digestive Secretion

  • Cephalic Phase: Controlled by nerves.
  • Gastric Phase: Controlled by gastrin.
  • Intestinal Phase: Controlled by enterogaster.

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Related Documents

Digestive System Physiology (7) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the various processes involved in the digestive system, including mechanical, chemical, and microbial digestion. Explore how food is broken down into absorbable units and the roles of enzymes and movements in these processes.

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