Digestive System Processes Overview

<p>Fats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Violet and Bright red solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mouth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By increasing the surface area of food exposed to digestive enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ducts of the lymphatic system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iodine test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatic juice, bile and intestinal juice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To emulsify fats, increasing their surface area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of nitrogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis and catabolism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of the appendix due to bacterial infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyloric sphincter. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiglottis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptide bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins are a type of phospholipid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon joining to Nitrogen, and water is released. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate gastric glands to secrete gastric juice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased water absorption leading to watery feces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The numerous branches in the intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose, Maltose, Starch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallstones and jaundice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More water moves out than in, when surrounding a hypertonic solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By removing a segment of the trypsinogen protein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blockage of gastric juices from reaching the stomach cavity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mucus protects the stomach lining from the acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent damage to pancreatic cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tube 2 and 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipase, bile, and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing temperature of incubation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store bile. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partially digested proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide an acidic environment for pepsin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipase had not been added. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipase requires an alkaline environment to function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The small intestine is the primary site where digested nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, helps emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion.

Chemical digestion begins in the mouth with the enzyme salivary amylase, which starts breaking down starch.

Chewing increases the surface area of food, allowing enzymes to work more efficiently on breaking down food molecules.

Fat absorption primarily occurs in the lymphatic system, not the blood capillaries, due to their non-water soluble nature.

The Iodine test detects the presence of starch. When iodine reacts with starch, it turns a dark blue-black color.

Glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals, similar to how plants store starch.

Pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice all play a role in the final stage of digestion in the small intestine.

Sudan IV is a reagent used to detect fats, turning the solution bright red in their presence.

Biuret reagent is used to detect proteins, turning the solution violet in their presence.

If Sudan IV test is positive, it indicates the presence of fats in the solution, resulting in a bright red color.

If the biuret test is positive, it indicates the presence of proteins in the solution, resulting in a violet color.

If the Sudan IV test is negative, it indicates the absence of fats, resulting in an insoluble (no color change) solution.

Bile salts emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area for enzymatic digestion.

Proteins are unique among the major food types because they contain nitrogen in their amino acid structures.

Hydrolysis breaks down larger molecules by adding water. Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.

Phospholipids are the primary components of cell membranes, forming a lipid bilayer that controls what enters and exits the cell.

Appendicitis is a painful inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by a bacterial infection.

The pyloric sphincter is a circular muscle that controls the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine.

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airways.

A peptide bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, releasing water.

Proteins are not phospholipids. Phospholipids are a type of lipid, while proteins are made up of amino acids.

When two amino acids join to form a dipeptide, water is released as a by-product.

High temperatures can denature proteins by breaking the bonds that maintain their shape, leading to loss of function.

Glucose is a monosaccharide, maltose is a disaccharide, and starch is a polysaccharide.

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration (low solute concentration) to an area of low water concentration (high solute concentration).

Cystic fibrosis causes thick mucus in the digestive system, preventing gastric juices from reaching the stomach cavity, impairing the absorption of nutrients and digestion of food.

The thick mucus in the stomach of those with CF acts as a protective barrier, reducing the impact of stomach acid and lowering the risk of developing ulcers.

Stomach acid is not an enzyme but a strong acid that helps break down food, kill microbes, and activate certain enzymes.

The hormone gastrin is secreted into the bloodstream when the stomach wall stretches and partially digested protein is present.

Trypsin is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down proteins.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine.

Bile is a fluid produced by the liver that helps to break down fats.

The small intestine is a long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption takes place.

Lipase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that digests lipids, also known as fats.

The pancreas is a gland that produces enzymes and hormones essential for digestion.

The liver is a large organ that filters blood, produces bile, and performs many other vital functions.

The gall bladder is a small sac-like organ that stores bile.

The presence of partially digested protein in the stomach triggers the release of gastrin, which stimulates gastric glands to secrete gastric juice.

The large intestine is responsible for water absorption, forming feces, and housing gut bacteria.

Enterokinase is an enzyme that activates trypsinogen, the inactive form of trypsin, by removing a segment of the trypsinogen protein.

Trypsin, if produced in an active form, could damage pancreatic cells.

The small intestine has a large surface area due to folds, villi, and microvilli.

Plaques are deposits of cholesterol and other fats in blood vessels, while jaundice is a yellowing of the skin due to the buildup of bilirubin in the blood.