Questions and Answers
What is the first step in tracing the pathway of a cookie in the digestive system?
What enzyme is released from the pancreas to aid in carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
Pancreatic amylase
Which structure does food travel to after the esophagus?
The pathway of an egg through the digestive system begins with _____ in the mouth.
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Pepsin is formed from pepsinogen in the presence of HCl.
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What happens to lipids in the small intestine?
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What do chylomicrons do in the digestive system?
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Study Notes
Pathway of a Cookie in the Digestive System
- Begins in the mouth where mechanical chewing occurs and salivary amylase starts carbohydrate breakdown.
- Salivary amylase converts polysaccharides into smaller oligosaccharides.
- Swallowed food travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
- In the stomach, food is churned into a semi-liquid mixture called chyme.
- Remaining polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are digested in the small intestine.
- Pancreatic amylase and brush border enzymes aid in further digestion of carbohydrates.
- Monosaccharides are absorbed through blood capillaries in the small intestine.
- Nutrients travel via the superior mesenteric vein to the hepatic portal vein.
- From the hepatic portal vein, they enter the hepatic portal system, then the hepatic vein, and finally the inferior vena cava of the heart.
Pathway of an Egg in the Digestive System
- Starts in the mouth where the egg is chewed before being swallowed.
- Travels down the esophagus into the stomach.
- In the stomach, protein digestion begins with pepsinogen activating to pepsin in the presence of HCl.
- Pepsin breaks down proteins into polypeptides and free amino acids.
- Churning in the stomach assists in the breakdown of food.
- The small intestine further digests proteins with enzymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin from the pancreas.
- Amino acids are absorbed through the blood capillaries of the small intestine.
- Absorbed amino acids follow a similar pathway via the superior mesenteric vein, hepatic portal vein, hepatic portal system, and finally to the inferior vena cava.
Pathway of Greasy Food in the Digestive System
- Begins with chewing in the mouth before being swallowed into the esophagus.
- Enters the stomach where churning occurs and gastric lipase is secreted.
- In the small intestine, lipids aggregate into fat globules.
- Bile salts facilitate emulsification, while pancreatic lipase breaks down fat globules into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.
- Monoglycerides are converted into triglycerides, contributing to the body's fat reserves.
- Triglycerides form chylomicrons in the intestinal mucosa, absorbed into lacteals.
- Chylomicrons enter lymph vessels, then lymph trunk, and mesenteric lymph nodes.
- They travel through the interstitial trunk to the cisterna chyli, then the thoracic duct, and ultimately to the left subclavian vein, followed by the left brachiocephalic vein to the superior vena cava.
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Description
Explore the journey of a cookie through the digestive system in this flashcard quiz. Understand how each part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the stomach, contributes to the process. Test your knowledge on the key functions of each organ involved in digestion.
