Digestive System - Pancreas Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the exocrine pancreas?

Secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream

Stores bile

Produces pancreatic enzymes (correct)

Regulates blood sugar levels

Which part of the pancreas is directly in contact with the duodenum?

Body

Neck

Tail

Head (correct)

Which duct allows pancreatic juice to reach the lumen of the duodenum?

Minor duct of Santorini

Main pancreatic duct (correct)

Cystic duct

Common bile duct

What percentage of the pancreas functions as an endocrine gland?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of pancreatic juice?

7.1 - 8.2 Signup and view all the answers

How is the secretion of pancreatic juice primarily regulated?

By both neuronal and hormonal mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which substance activates trypsinogen in the gastrointestinal tract?

Enterokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of glucagon produced by the pancreas?

Increase blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pancreas extends to the upper left abdominal quadrant?

Tail Signup and view all the answers

What prevents the self-digestion of the pancreas?

Pancreatic enzymes are produced in inactive forms Signup and view all the answers

What role does secretin play when chyme rich in fats and proteins enters the duodenum?

It increases production of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonates. Signup and view all the answers

Which surface of the liver is primarily covered by visceral peritoneum?

Diaphragmatic surface Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the blood supply to the liver is provided by the portal vein?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?

To assist in lipid absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which lobes of the liver are considered to belong to the left lobe functionally and structurally?

Caudate and quadrate lobes Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature separates the left and right lobes of the liver?

The falciform ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the main functional cell type found in liver tissue?

Hepatocytes Signup and view all the answers

What forms the interlobar triad around a hepatic lobule?

Biliary canaliculi, hepatic artery, and portal vein branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape and arrangement of liver tissue within a hepatic lobule?

Hexagonally shaped and organized Signup and view all the answers

How is venous blood collected from the liver after passing through hepatic lobules?

By hepatic veins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digestive System - Pancreas

The pancreas is a dual-gland organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions
Endocrine function: Releases hormones (insulin and glucagon) that regulate blood sugar levels
Exocrine function: Produces pancreatic enzymes and alkaline secretions, released into the duodenum
Pancreas sections: Head (contacts duodenum), Uncinate process, Neck, Body, and Tail (reaching the upper left abdomen)
Retroperitoneal position: Situated behind the peritoneum.
Pancreatic juice drainage: Through the main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) and the minor/accessory duct (duct of Santorini)
Main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct, forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla, which empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
Papilla controlled: By the sphincter of Oddi (opens/closes periodically)
Physiology: 99% of the pancreas is exocrine (acinar cells); 1% is endocrine (Islets of Langerhans)
Secretion: 1200-1500 ml per day. Water, salts, bicarbonate ions, and enzymes in pancreatic juice; pH range between 7.1 and 8.2
Pancreatic enzymes: Amylase (carbohydrates), trypsin/chymotrypsin/carboxypeptidase/elastase (proteins), lipase (fats), ribonuclease/deoxyribonuclease (nucleic acids)

Digestive System - Pancreatic Secretion Regulation

Regulated by: Neuronal and hormonal mechanisms
Cephalic and gastric phase: Vagus nerve stimulation influences pancreatic secretion
Duodenal phase: Chymue (rich in fats/proteins) entering duodenum triggers the release of secretin and CCK
Secretin: Increases bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice production
Cholecystokinin (CCK): Stimulates pancreatic enzyme release
Inactivated forms prevent self-digestion. Enterokinase activates trypsinogen, forming trypsin within the GI tract.

Digestive System - Liver

Largest abdominal organ, located in the upper right and upper left quadrants
Produces and secretes bile into the duodenum, crucial for lipid absorption
Major chemical lab: Processes many nutrients and toxins
Portal venous system: Collects venous blood from the digestive tract and delivers it to the liver
Mostly intraperitoneal: Covered with visceral peritoneum
Two surfaces: Diaphragmatic (concave, smooth), and visceral (inferior, with various structures)
Lobes: Two primary lobes (left and right), additional quadrate and caudate lobes.
Blood Supply: 70% from portal vein; 30% from hepatic artery.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the pancreas in the digestive system. This quiz covers both the endocrine and exocrine roles of the pancreas, including hormone release and enzyme production. Challenge yourself with questions regarding its structure and physiology.