Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the exocrine pancreas?
What is the primary function of the exocrine pancreas?
- Secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
- Stores bile
- Produces pancreatic enzymes (correct)
- Regulates blood sugar levels
Which part of the pancreas is directly in contact with the duodenum?
Which part of the pancreas is directly in contact with the duodenum?
- Body
- Neck
- Tail
- Head (correct)
Which duct allows pancreatic juice to reach the lumen of the duodenum?
Which duct allows pancreatic juice to reach the lumen of the duodenum?
- Minor duct of Santorini
- Main pancreatic duct (correct)
- Cystic duct
- Common bile duct
What percentage of the pancreas functions as an endocrine gland?
What percentage of the pancreas functions as an endocrine gland?
What is the pH range of pancreatic juice?
What is the pH range of pancreatic juice?
How is the secretion of pancreatic juice primarily regulated?
How is the secretion of pancreatic juice primarily regulated?
Which substance activates trypsinogen in the gastrointestinal tract?
Which substance activates trypsinogen in the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the main role of glucagon produced by the pancreas?
What is the main role of glucagon produced by the pancreas?
Which part of the pancreas extends to the upper left abdominal quadrant?
Which part of the pancreas extends to the upper left abdominal quadrant?
What prevents the self-digestion of the pancreas?
What prevents the self-digestion of the pancreas?
What role does secretin play when chyme rich in fats and proteins enters the duodenum?
What role does secretin play when chyme rich in fats and proteins enters the duodenum?
Which surface of the liver is primarily covered by visceral peritoneum?
Which surface of the liver is primarily covered by visceral peritoneum?
What percentage of the blood supply to the liver is provided by the portal vein?
What percentage of the blood supply to the liver is provided by the portal vein?
What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?
What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?
Which lobes of the liver are considered to belong to the left lobe functionally and structurally?
Which lobes of the liver are considered to belong to the left lobe functionally and structurally?
What anatomical feature separates the left and right lobes of the liver?
What anatomical feature separates the left and right lobes of the liver?
What is the main functional cell type found in liver tissue?
What is the main functional cell type found in liver tissue?
What forms the interlobar triad around a hepatic lobule?
What forms the interlobar triad around a hepatic lobule?
What is the shape and arrangement of liver tissue within a hepatic lobule?
What is the shape and arrangement of liver tissue within a hepatic lobule?
How is venous blood collected from the liver after passing through hepatic lobules?
How is venous blood collected from the liver after passing through hepatic lobules?
Flashcards
Pancreas Function
Pancreas Function
The pancreas is a combined endocrine and exocrine gland.
Endocrine Pancreas
Endocrine Pancreas
Part of the pancreas that produces hormones like insulin and glucagon.
Exocrine Pancreas
Exocrine Pancreas
Part of the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes and alkaline fluids.
Pancreatic Juice
Pancreatic Juice
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Pancreatic Enzymes
Pancreatic Enzymes
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Pancreatic Islets
Pancreatic Islets
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Main Pancreatic Duct (Wirsung)
Main Pancreatic Duct (Wirsung)
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Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion
Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion
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Pancreatic Duct Opening
Pancreatic Duct Opening
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Pancreas Parts
Pancreas Parts
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Chyme in duodenum
Chyme in duodenum
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Secretin's role
Secretin's role
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CCK's role
CCK's role
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Liver location
Liver location
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Liver's function
Liver's function
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Portal vein's role
Portal vein's role
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Hepatic artery's role
Hepatic artery's role
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Hepatocytes
Hepatocytes
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Hepatic lobules
Hepatic lobules
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Biliary canaliculi
Biliary canaliculi
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Study Notes
Digestive System - Pancreas
- The pancreas is a dual-gland organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions
- Endocrine function: Releases hormones (insulin and glucagon) that regulate blood sugar levels
- Exocrine function: Produces pancreatic enzymes and alkaline secretions, released into the duodenum
- Pancreas sections: Head (contacts duodenum), Uncinate process, Neck, Body, and Tail (reaching the upper left abdomen)
- Retroperitoneal position: Situated behind the peritoneum.
- Pancreatic juice drainage: Through the main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung) and the minor/accessory duct (duct of Santorini)
- Main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct, forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla, which empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
- Papilla controlled: By the sphincter of Oddi (opens/closes periodically)
- Physiology: 99% of the pancreas is exocrine (acinar cells); 1% is endocrine (Islets of Langerhans)
- Secretion: 1200-1500 ml per day. Water, salts, bicarbonate ions, and enzymes in pancreatic juice; pH range between 7.1 and 8.2
- Pancreatic enzymes: Amylase (carbohydrates), trypsin/chymotrypsin/carboxypeptidase/elastase (proteins), lipase (fats), ribonuclease/deoxyribonuclease (nucleic acids)
Digestive System - Pancreatic Secretion Regulation
- Regulated by: Neuronal and hormonal mechanisms
- Cephalic and gastric phase: Vagus nerve stimulation influences pancreatic secretion
- Duodenal phase: Chymue (rich in fats/proteins) entering duodenum triggers the release of secretin and CCK
- Secretin: Increases bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice production
- Cholecystokinin (CCK): Stimulates pancreatic enzyme release
- Inactivated forms prevent self-digestion. Enterokinase activates trypsinogen, forming trypsin within the GI tract.
Digestive System - Liver
- Largest abdominal organ, located in the upper right and upper left quadrants
- Produces and secretes bile into the duodenum, crucial for lipid absorption
- Major chemical lab: Processes many nutrients and toxins
- Portal venous system: Collects venous blood from the digestive tract and delivers it to the liver
- Mostly intraperitoneal: Covered with visceral peritoneum
- Two surfaces: Diaphragmatic (concave, smooth), and visceral (inferior, with various structures)
- Lobes: Two primary lobes (left and right), additional quadrate and caudate lobes.
- Blood Supply: 70% from portal vein; 30% from hepatic artery.
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