Digestive System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for mechanical digestion of food?

  • Mouth (correct)
  • Stomach
  • Pharynx
  • Small intestine

    • The epiglottis prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.

    True

    What is the substance that helps digest carbohydrates in the mouth?

    Saliva

    The food bolus is turned into ________ after digestion in the stomach.

    <p>chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each part of the digestive system with its function:

    <p>Mouth = Mechanical digestion and saliva production Stomach = Chemical digestion of proteins Small intestine = Nutrient absorption Pharynx = Transports food to the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine?

    <p>Absorb nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The esophagus uses a series of muscles to transport food to the stomach.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the first part of the small intestine.

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile that is secreted by the liver?

    <p>Help digest lipids (fats)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pancreas has both digestive and endocrine functions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed in the mouth when food is mixed with saliva?

    <p>Bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The last section of the small intestine is called the _____ .

    <p>ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the digestive system to their primary function:

    <p>Salivary Glands = Secrete digestive enzymes in saliva Liver = Secrete bile for fat digestion Pancreas = Produce pancreatic juices to neutralize stomach acid Large Intestine = Absorb water and transform undigested products into feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is characterized by having villi?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chyme is the solid material that exits the large intestine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion is mastication?

    <p>Mechanical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The unicellular bacteria in the large intestine that aid in digestion are referred to as _____ .

    <p>gut flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the accessory glands to their main secretion:

    <p>Salivary Glands = Amylase Liver = Bile Pancreas = Pancreatic juices Gallbladder = Store bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures increases the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water and minerals are primarily absorbed in the small intestine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intestinal juices in the small intestine?

    <p>They help in the chemical digestion of chyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first part of the small intestine is known as the _____.

    <p>duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System Overview

    • The digestive system comprises the digestive tract (a long tube) and accessory digestive glands.
    • The digestive tract includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

    Mouth

    • Chewing (mastication) and grinding of food occur.
    • The tongue (with taste buds) provides taste.
    • Salivary glands produce saliva, initiating carbohydrate breakdown (chemical digestion).
    • Food is formed into a bolus.

    Pharynx

    • Shared by digestive and respiratory systems.
    • The epiglottis acts as a lid, preventing food blockage of the respiratory tract.

    Esophagus

    • Peristaltic movements push food to the stomach.

    Stomach

    • Connected to the esophagus by the cardia.
    • Strong stomach muscles (mechanical digestion) and glands secrete gastric juices (containing pepsin).
    • Gastric juices break down proteins.
    • Stomach converts bolus into chyme.

    Small Intestine

    • Very long tube with glands secreting intestinal juices.
    • Intestinal villi contain capillaries for nutrient absorption.
    • Three main parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
    • Duodenum receives digestive juices from the liver (bile for lipids) and pancreas (pancreatic juices to reduce acidity).
    • The small intestine makes intestinal juices.
    • Chyme is transformed into chyle (a milky fluid).
    • Jejunum, characterized by villi, increases absorption surface area.
    • Ileum, further down the small intestine, absorbs most remaining water and nutrients.

    Large Intestine

    • Wider than small intestine; consists of caecum, colon, and rectum.
    • Absorbs water and minerals.
    • Gut flora converts undigested products into feces.
    • Feces are expelled through the anus (egestion/defecation).

    Accessory Glands

    • Located outside the digestive tract.
    • Secrete digestive juices containing enzymes.
    • Include salivary glands, liver, and pancreas.

    Salivary Glands

    • Three pairs secrete saliva into the mouth.
    • Saliva contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion.

    Liver

    • Largest gland, performing crucial functions beyond digestion.
    • Produces bile stored in the gallbladder.
    • Bile aids in lipid (fat) digestion (acts as a detergent).
    • Stores glucose, iron, and vitamins; eliminates toxins like alcohol.

    Pancreas

    • Arrowhead-shaped gland beneath the stomach.
    • Digestive function: secretes pancreatic juices into the intestine to counteract the acidity.
    • Endocrine function: releases substances into the bloodstream.

    Mechanical Digestion

    • Reduces food particle size for easier processing.
    • Stages: mastication (chewing), insalivation (mixing with saliva to form bolus), deglutition (swallowing).

    Chemical Digestion

    • Food is transformed into nutrients.
    • Mouth - saliva acts on carbohydrates
    • Stomach - gastric juices act on proteins
    • Small Intestine - intestinal juices, bile, and pancreatic juices complete digestion, converting chyme into chyle.

    Absorption in the Small Intestine

    • Large surface area for rapid absorption (approximately 200 square meters).
    • Intestinal folds, villi, and microvilli greatly increase the surface area.
    • Nutrients enter the bloodstream through capillaries.

    Absorption in the Large Intestine

    • Absorbs most remaining water and minerals.
    • No villi; gut lora processes undigested material into feces.

    Food Components and Digestion

    • Fibrous components are indigestible and not absorbed.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate workings of the digestive system, including the digestive tract and accessory glands. This quiz covers the roles of key organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine in the digestion process.

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