Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three main food molecules in the typical American diet?
What are the three main food molecules in the typical American diet?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Where does the digestion of food begin?
Where does the digestion of food begin?
Oral cavity
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
Saliva contains digestive enzymes for carbohydrates and fats.
What happens to carbohydrates in the stomach?
What happens to carbohydrates in the stomach?
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur?
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur?
What kind of enzymes are most of the digestive enzymes of the small intestine?
What kind of enzymes are most of the digestive enzymes of the small intestine?
What is the purpose of proenzymes being inactive?
What is the purpose of proenzymes being inactive?
What is the name of the pancreatic proenzyme that is converted into trypsin?
What is the name of the pancreatic proenzyme that is converted into trypsin?
What type of enzyme is enteropeptidase?
What type of enzyme is enteropeptidase?
What is the name of the enzyme that resumes digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine?
What is the name of the enzyme that resumes digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine?
What are the three brush-border digestive enzymes?
What are the three brush-border digestive enzymes?
What are the three monosaccharides that result from carbohydrate digestion?
What are the three monosaccharides that result from carbohydrate digestion?
Where are the monosaccharides absorbed into?
Where are the monosaccharides absorbed into?
What happens to proteins in the small intestine?
What happens to proteins in the small intestine?
How are the monoglycerides and free fatty acids transported from the lumen of the small intestine?
How are the monoglycerides and free fatty acids transported from the lumen of the small intestine?
What is the name of the transport molecule that moves cholesterol from the lumen of the small intestine?
What is the name of the transport molecule that moves cholesterol from the lumen of the small intestine?
What are monoglycerides and free fatty acids assembled into inside the epithelial cells?
What are monoglycerides and free fatty acids assembled into inside the epithelial cells?
What is the name of the complex that is formed by the combination of triglycerides, cholesterol, and proteins in the small intestine?
What is the name of the complex that is formed by the combination of triglycerides, cholesterol, and proteins in the small intestine?
Where are chylomicrons exocytosed into?
Where are chylomicrons exocytosed into?
What is the name of the lymph capillaries that chylomicrons enter?
What is the name of the lymph capillaries that chylomicrons enter?
What is the fate of the absorbed nutrient molecules?
What is the fate of the absorbed nutrient molecules?
Flashcards
Digestive System Function
Digestive System Function
Mechanically and enzymatically breaks down food, absorbs usable molecules.
Typical American Diet
Typical American Diet
Primarily carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Poly- and disaccharides.
Proteins
Proteins
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Fats
Fats
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Digestion (oral cavity)
Digestion (oral cavity)
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Saliva
Saliva
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Esophagus
Esophagus
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Stomach
Stomach
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Small Intestine
Small Intestine
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Pancreatic Enzymes
Pancreatic Enzymes
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Proenzymes
Proenzymes
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Trypsinogen
Trypsinogen
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Enteropeptidase
Enteropeptidase
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Brush Border Enzymes
Brush Border Enzymes
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Pancreatic Amylase
Pancreatic Amylase
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Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase
Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase
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Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
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Amino Acids
Amino Acids
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Chylomicrons
Chylomicrons
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Absorption
Absorption
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Study Notes
Digestive System Overview
- Digestive system functions include mechanical/enzymatic breakdown of food, and absorption of molecules.
- Main food molecules are carbohydrates (poly/disaccharides), proteins, and fats (triglycerides, cholesterol).
- Digestion begins in the oral cavity with chewing and enzyme secretion in saliva (carb/fat enzymes).
- Food is swallowed to the stomach where protein digestion starts, and initial fat digestion continues.
- Stomach acid denatures carbohydrate enzymes, stopping carbohydrate digestion.
- Most digestion/absorption occurs in the small intestine.
- Many digestive enzymes are secreted as inactive proenzymes.
- Pancreatic proenzyme (trypsinogen) is activated (to trypsin) by enteropeptidase in small intestine.
- Enteropeptidase is attached to epithelial cell membranes (brush border enzymes).
- Brush border enzymes (e.g., sucrase, maltase, lactase) digest disaccharides.
- Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) are absorbed into the bloodstream.
- Proteins are broken down into amino acids, and di-tripeptides, absorbed into bloodstream.
- Triglycerides/long chain fatty acids are broken down, absorbed, and reformed into chylomicrons.
- Chylomicrons are absorbed into lymphatic system.
- Cholesterol is transported in the small intestine by a transport molecule.
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