Questions and Answers
What system takes in food, breaks it down into nutrient molecules, absorbs these molecules into the bloodstream, and then rids the body of the indigestible remains?
What is the continuous, muscular digestive tube that winds throughout the body called?
gastrointestinal tract (GI)
What are the teeth, tongue, gallbladder, and a number of large digestive glands?
accessory digestive organs
What process mixes food with digestive juices and increases the absorption efficiency?
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What is the body's major digestive organ?
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Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from the time of ______ until it is completely digested and the waste is prepared for elimination.
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Also known as the gastrointestinal tract?
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What are the major functions of the mouth?
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What is the function of the pharynx and esophagus?
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What are the functions of the stomach?
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What are the functions of the small intestine and associated accessory organs?
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The tubelike digestive system canal that extends from the mouth to the anus is the ______ canal.
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What structure suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall?
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What are fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption called?
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What are large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine called?
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What are deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely or partially around the circumference of the small intestine?
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What are the two regions that break down foodstuffs mechanically?
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What is the mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates swallowing?
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What is the conduit for both air and food?
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What are the three structures continuous with and representing modifications of the peritoneum?
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What is the 'gullet' that has no digestive/absorptive function?
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What are the folds of the gastric mucosa called?
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What are sacculations of the large intestine called?
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What are projections of the plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell called?
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What is the valve at the junction of the small and large intestines called?
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What is the primary region of food and water absorption?
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What is the membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
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What absorbs water and forms feces?
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What is the area between the teeth and lips/cheeks called?
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What is the wormlike sac that outpockets from the cecum?
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What initiates protein digestion?
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What structure is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach?
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What organ is distal to the stomach?
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What is the valve controlling food movement from the stomach into the duodenum?
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Study Notes
Digestive System Overview
- Takes in food, breaks it down into nutrients, absorbs them into the bloodstream, and eliminates indigestible remains.
Gastrointestinal Tract
- Continuous muscular tube winding throughout the body, also known as the GI tract.
Accessory Digestive Organs
- Includes teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas, aiding in digestion.
Segmentation
- A process that mixes food with digestive juices and enhances absorption by moving food over the intestinal wall.
Small Intestine Functionality
- The major organ for digestion and absorption of nutrients.
Ingestion Definition
- Food is contained in the gastrointestinal tract from ingestion until waste elimination.
Alimentary Canal
- Another term for the gastrointestinal tract.
Mouth Functions
- Ingestion: Voluntarily placing food in the oral cavity.
- Propulsion: Tongue initiates swallowing, moving food to the pharynx.
- Mechanical Digestion: Chewing and tongue movement.
- Chemical Digestion: Salivary amylase begins starch breakdown.
Pharynx and Esophagus
- Propel food bolus to the stomach via peristaltic waves, accomplishing involuntary swallowing.
Stomach Functions
- Mechanical Digestion: Food mixed with gastric juice and propelled into the duodenum via peristaltic waves.
- Chemical Digestion: Protein digestion initiated by pepsin.
- Absorption: Some fat-soluble substances, like aspirin and alcohol, are absorbed.
Small Intestine and Accessory Organs Functions
- Engages in mechanical digestion, propulsion, chemical digestion, and absorption.
Mesentery
- Structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall.
Villi
- Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa increasing surface area for absorption.
Peyer's Patches
- Large collections of lymphoid tissue located in the submucosa of the small intestine, contributing to immune function.
Circular Folds
- Deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa in the small intestine to enhance absorption.
Regions for Mechanical Breakdown
- Oral cavity and stomach are primarily responsible for mechanically breaking down food.
Tongue Function
- Mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates swallowing.
Pharynx Role
- Serves as a conduit for both air and food.
Peritoneum Modifications
- Consists of greater omentum, lesser omentum, and mesentery, securing various digestive organs.
Esophagus
- Commonly referred to as the "gullet"; serves no digestive or absorptive function.
Rugae
- Folds of gastric mucosa that increase stomach surface area and contribute to digestion.
Haustra
- Sacculations of the large intestine, facilitating movement.
Microvilli
- Projections of the plasma membrane of mucosal epithelial cells, enhancing absorption.
Ileocecal Valve
- Valve at the junction of the small and large intestines controlling material passage.
Small Intestine as Absorption Site
- Primary area for food and water absorption, vital for nutrient uptake.
Frenulum
- Membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth, aiding in food manipulation.
Large Intestine Functions
- Absorbs water and forms feces from indigestible materials.
Vestibule Definition
- Area between the teeth and lips/cheeks, contributing to oral cavity structure.
Appendix
- Wormlike sac that extends from the cecum, noted for potential immune functions.
Protein Digestion
- Initiated in the stomach, highlighting its critical role in breaking down proteins.
Lesser Omentum
- Structure attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach, part of the peritoneum.
Food Movement Control
- Pyloric valve regulates the transition of food from the stomach to the duodenum.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the digestive system, including its functions, the gastrointestinal tract, and accessory organs. This quiz covers essential concepts like ingestion, segmentation, and nutrient absorption. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.
