Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
The small intestine is about six meters long.
The small intestine is about six meters long.
True (A)
What does the term chyme refer to?
What does the term chyme refer to?
The semiliquid, acidic paste that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
Which of the following is a function of gastrin?
Which of the following is a function of gastrin?
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What is the main function of the villi in the small intestine?
What is the main function of the villi in the small intestine?
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Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the digestion of fats?
Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the digestion of fats?
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The wavelike muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract are called ______.
The wavelike muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract are called ______.
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The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
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Match the following organs with their primary function:
Match the following organs with their primary function:
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Which of the following is NOT a major function of the large intestine?
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the large intestine?
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What is the main function of the accessory digestive organs?
What is the main function of the accessory digestive organs?
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The duodenum is the first part of the large intestine.
The duodenum is the first part of the large intestine.
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The ______ sphincter controls the flow of food from the stomach to the small intestine.
The ______ sphincter controls the flow of food from the stomach to the small intestine.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of nutrient found in food?
Which of the following is NOT a type of nutrient found in food?
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The lacteal is a lymphatic vessel found in the villi of the small intestine.
The lacteal is a lymphatic vessel found in the villi of the small intestine.
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What is the main function of the pancreas?
What is the main function of the pancreas?
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Which of the following is a condition that can lead to constipation?
Which of the following is a condition that can lead to constipation?
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The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body.
The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body.
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Study Notes
Digestive System Overview
- The digestive system obtains energy and materials needed for growth and repair from food.
- Food contains nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, water, and fiber.
- Food's organic compounds are broken down into simpler forms.
- The digestive tract provides one-way transport through wavelike muscle contractions and sphincter muscles.
Digestive System Functions
- Ingestion: Taking food into the digestive system through the mouth.
- Mastication: Chewing food to break it down and mix it with saliva in the mouth.
- Deglutition: Swallowing food to move it from the mouth to the stomach.
- Digestion: Process of changing food into a usable form for the body.
- Absorption: Passage of food monomers through the digestive tract wall into the blood stream or lymphatic system.
- Defecation: Elimination of indigestible, non-usable wastes.
Organs of the Digestive System
- Mouth: Initial site of digestion with teeth and saliva.
- Pharynx: Passageway for food and air.
- Esophagus: Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
- Stomach: Churns and mixes food with gastric juices.
- Small intestine: Main site of digestion and absorption.
- Large intestine: Absorbs water and remaining nutrients; forms and eliminates feces.
- Accessory organs: Organs that aid in digestion but aren't part of the digestive tract, including salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Digestive Enzymes
- Saliva contains salivary amylase to break down starch.
- Stomach contains pepsin to digest proteins.
- Pancreas contains pancreatic amylase, lipase, trypsin to further break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins respectively.
- Small intestine contains enzymes like maltase, lactase, sucrase, peptidases to break down carbohydrates, lactose, sucrose, and peptides into smaller molecules.
Regulation of Digestion
- Hormones like gastrin, secretin, and CCK regulate digestive juice secretion.
- Gastrin stimulates stomach acid and enzyme production.
- Secretin and CCK regulate pancreatic and liver secretions.
- Nervous system and hormones regulate digestive processes.
Absorption
- Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream or lymph vessels.
- Small intestine has villi and microvilli to increase surface area for absorption.
- Nutrients like glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids etc are absorbed.
Liver Functions
- Produces bile, which helps digest fats.
- Detoxifies the blood.
- Breaks down hemoglobin.
- Produces plasma proteins.
- Stores glucose as glycogen.
- Deaminates amino acids.
Large Intestine
- Absorbs water and electrolytes.
- Forms and eliminates feces (solid waste).
- Contains bacteria that produce vitamins, particularly vitamin K.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of the digestive system, including its functions and the organs involved. You'll explore processes such as ingestion, digestion, and absorption, along with the types of nutrients obtained from food.
