Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of bile acids in digestion?
What is the primary function of bile acids in digestion?
- To transport glucose across cell membranes.
- To emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for enzyme action. (correct)
- To neutralize acids coming from the stomach.
- To break down proteins into amino acids.
Which of the following best describes the haustra of the colon?
Which of the following best describes the haustra of the colon?
- Longitudinal muscle layers that run through the colon.
- Bulging pouches formed by muscle tone in the colon's wall. (correct)
- The rings of muscle that control feces release.
- Folds of the muscularis externa within the small intestine.
Which muscle is responsible for the voluntary control of defecation?
Which muscle is responsible for the voluntary control of defecation?
- The longitudinal muscle, a continuous sheet.
- The taeniae coli, which contracts the colon.
- The external anal sphincter, composed of skeletal muscle. (correct)
- The internal anal sphincter, composed of smooth muscle.
The pancreas functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. Which of the following is an endocrine function of the pancreas?
The pancreas functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. Which of the following is an endocrine function of the pancreas?
What is considered to be the body's largest gland and what digestive secretion does it produce?
What is considered to be the body's largest gland and what digestive secretion does it produce?
Which of the following is the primary function of the digestive system?
Which of the following is the primary function of the digestive system?
What is the term for the selective intake of food into the digestive system?
What is the term for the selective intake of food into the digestive system?
Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the alimentary canal?
Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the alimentary canal?
Which of these is NOT a function of the mouth?
Which of these is NOT a function of the mouth?
What is the function of the intrinsic salivary glands?
What is the function of the intrinsic salivary glands?
Which extrinsic salivary gland is located anterior to the earlobe?
Which extrinsic salivary gland is located anterior to the earlobe?
Where does the pharynx connect the oral cavity?
Where does the pharynx connect the oral cavity?
What structure regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?
What structure regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?
Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption?
Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption?
What is the function of the ileocecal valve?
What is the function of the ileocecal valve?
What is the main function of the large intestine?
What is the main function of the large intestine?
In which region of the digestive system does the production of chyme occur?
In which region of the digestive system does the production of chyme occur?
Which of the following describes the esophagus?
Which of the following describes the esophagus?
Which of the following is NOT a region of the large intestine?
Which of the following is NOT a region of the large intestine?
What is the approximate length of the esophagus?
What is the approximate length of the esophagus?
Flashcards
Taeniae coli
Taeniae coli
Three thickened, ribbonlike strips of longitudinal muscle in the colon that contract the colon lengthwise and cause the wall to bulge, forming pouches called haustra.
Haustra
Haustra
Pouches in the colon that are formed by the contraction of the taeniae coli, giving the colon a segmented appearance.
Liver
Liver
A reddish-brown gland located inferior to the diaphragm, which is the body's largest gland and plays a crucial role in digestion by producing bile.
Pancreas
Pancreas
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Pancreatic juice
Pancreatic juice
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What is the digestive system's primary function?
What is the digestive system's primary function?
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Why are nutrients broken down into smaller components?
Why are nutrients broken down into smaller components?
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What is ingestion?
What is ingestion?
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What is digestion?
What is digestion?
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What is absorption?
What is absorption?
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What is compaction?
What is compaction?
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What is defecation?
What is defecation?
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What is the digestive tract?
What is the digestive tract?
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What are accessory organs in the digestive system?
What are accessory organs in the digestive system?
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What are the main organs of the digestive tract?
What are the main organs of the digestive tract?
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What is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
What is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
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What is the function of the salivary glands?
What is the function of the salivary glands?
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What is the pharynx?
What is the pharynx?
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What is the esophagus?
What is the esophagus?
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What is the stomach?
What is the stomach?
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Study Notes
Digestive System Overview
- The digestive system is a disassembly line, breaking down nutrients into usable forms for the body and absorbing them.
- Nutrients must be broken down into smaller components for use by all species.
- The system includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, and defecation.
Digestive System Components and Functions
- Ingestion: the selective intake of food.
- Digestion: the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into usable forms.
- Absorption: the uptake of nutrients into the blood and lymph.
- Compaction: absorbing water and consolidating indigestible residue into feces.
- Defecation: the elimination of feces.
Organs of the Digestive System
- Mouth (Oral Cavity): ingests food, tastes, senses, chews, swallows, and initiates digestion. The buccal cavity is another name.
- Pharynx: connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the esophagus; point of cross-over for digestive and respiratory systems.
- Esophagus: muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.
- Stomach: Mechanical breakdown, food storage, and chemical digestion of food, producing chyme.
- Small Intestine: absorbs nutrients and water; duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
- Large Intestine: absorbs water and compacts indigestible matter into feces; cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
- Accessory Organs: assist the digestive system in different ways. This includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Salivary Glands
- Intrinsic salivary glands: lingual, labial, and buccal glands.
- Extrinsic salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
- Secrete saliva, keeping the mouth moist and inhibiting bacterial growth.
Pancreas
- Endocrine and exocrine gland.
- Secretes pancreatic juice: alkaline mixture of water, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes aiding digestion and neutralizing stomach acid.
- Hormones include insulin and glucagon.
Liver
- Largest gland.
- Secretes bile: emulsifies fats, helping their digestion and absorption.
- Detoxifies blood, and produces certain essential proteins.
Stomach
- Mechanical and chemical digestion
- Storage of food
- Production of chyme (mixture of food and digestive enzymes)
Small Intestine (Details)
- Divided into three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
- Highly folded to increase surface area for absorption of nutrients.
- Critical site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system.
Large Intestine (Details)
- Absorbs water and salts to form feces.
Ileum and Ileocecal Valve
- Ileum: last segment of the small intestine.
- Ileocecal valve: prevents feces from backing up into the small intestine.
Pylorus
- End of the stomach.
- Pyloric sphincter: regulates chyme passage into the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).
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