Digestive System Overview and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of bile acids in digestion?

  • To transport glucose across cell membranes.
  • To emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for enzyme action. (correct)
  • To neutralize acids coming from the stomach.
  • To break down proteins into amino acids.

    • Which of the following best describes the haustra of the colon?

  • Longitudinal muscle layers that run through the colon.
  • Bulging pouches formed by muscle tone in the colon's wall. (correct)
  • The rings of muscle that control feces release.
  • Folds of the muscularis externa within the small intestine.

    • Which muscle is responsible for the voluntary control of defecation?

  • The longitudinal muscle, a continuous sheet.
  • The taeniae coli, which contracts the colon.
  • The external anal sphincter, composed of skeletal muscle. (correct)
  • The internal anal sphincter, composed of smooth muscle.

    • The pancreas functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. Which of the following is an endocrine function of the pancreas?

    <p>Secreting insulin and glucagon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered to be the body's largest gland and what digestive secretion does it produce?

    <p>The liver producing bile. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of the digestive system?

    <p>To break down and absorb nutrients for body use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the selective intake of food into the digestive system?

    <p>Ingestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT considered part of the alimentary canal?

    <p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a function of the mouth?

    <p>Absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intrinsic salivary glands?

    <p>To constantly keep the mouth moist and inhibit bacterial growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which extrinsic salivary gland is located anterior to the earlobe?

    <p>Parotid gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the pharynx connect the oral cavity?

    <p>To both the esophagus and larynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure regulates the passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?

    <p>Pyloric sphincter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption?

    <p>Small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ileocecal valve?

    <p>To regulate the passage of food residue into the large intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the large intestine?

    <p>To absorb water and consolidate indigestible residue into feces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region of the digestive system does the production of chyme occur?

    <p>Stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the esophagus?

    <p>A muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a region of the large intestine?

    <p>Duodenum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate length of the esophagus?

    <p>25-30 cm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System Overview

    • The digestive system is a disassembly line, breaking down nutrients into usable forms for the body and absorbing them.
    • Nutrients must be broken down into smaller components for use by all species.
    • The system includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, and defecation.

    Digestive System Components and Functions

    • Ingestion: the selective intake of food.
    • Digestion: the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into usable forms.
    • Absorption: the uptake of nutrients into the blood and lymph.
    • Compaction: absorbing water and consolidating indigestible residue into feces.
    • Defecation: the elimination of feces.

    Organs of the Digestive System

    • Mouth (Oral Cavity): ingests food, tastes, senses, chews, swallows, and initiates digestion. The buccal cavity is another name.
    • Pharynx: connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the esophagus; point of cross-over for digestive and respiratory systems.
    • Esophagus: muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.
    • Stomach: Mechanical breakdown, food storage, and chemical digestion of food, producing chyme.
    • Small Intestine: absorbs nutrients and water; duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
    • Large Intestine: absorbs water and compacts indigestible matter into feces; cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
    • Accessory Organs: assist the digestive system in different ways. This includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

    Salivary Glands

    • Intrinsic salivary glands: lingual, labial, and buccal glands.
    • Extrinsic salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
    • Secrete saliva, keeping the mouth moist and inhibiting bacterial growth.

    Pancreas

    • Endocrine and exocrine gland.
    • Secretes pancreatic juice: alkaline mixture of water, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes aiding digestion and neutralizing stomach acid.
    • Hormones include insulin and glucagon.

    Liver

    • Largest gland.
    • Secretes bile: emulsifies fats, helping their digestion and absorption.
    • Detoxifies blood, and produces certain essential proteins.

    Stomach

    • Mechanical and chemical digestion
    • Storage of food
    • Production of chyme (mixture of food and digestive enzymes)

    Small Intestine (Details)

    • Divided into three sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
    • Highly folded to increase surface area for absorption of nutrients.
    • Critical site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system.

    Large Intestine (Details)

    • Absorbs water and salts to form feces.

    Ileum and Ileocecal Valve

    • Ileum: last segment of the small intestine.
    • Ileocecal valve: prevents feces from backing up into the small intestine.

    Pylorus

    • End of the stomach.
    • Pyloric sphincter: regulates chyme passage into the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).

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    Related Documents

    Digestive System Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the digestive system in this quiz. Learn about the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, compaction, and defecation, as well as the key organs involved. Test your knowledge on how our bodies break down and utilize nutrients.

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