Digestive System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What anatomical reason makes individuals with female reproductive organs more susceptible to urinary tract infections?

  • The female urinary system is less developed than the male's.
  • Females produce fewer hormones related to infection.
  • The female urethra is anatomically shorter and closer to the anus. (correct)
  • The female urethra is longer than the male's urethra.

    • Which organ is NOT typically at risk during a urinary tract infection?

  • The kidneys
  • The pancreas (correct)
  • The bladder
  • The prostate gland

    • What role do the ovaries play in the female reproductive system?

  • Producing male gametes
  • Secreting testosterone
  • Producing female gametes and hormones (correct)
  • Holding the uterus in place

    • Which of the following is NOT part of the external anatomy of the female reproductive system?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the broad ligament in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To hold the posterior side of the ovary in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of primordial follicles in the ovaries?

    <p>To develop into oocytes during ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the ovaries to the pelvic wall?

    <p>Suspensory ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the labia majora in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To protect the vaginal opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in sperm during fertilization?

    <p>To penetrate the corona radiata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormonal changes occur following implantation to prevent menstruation?

    <p>Increase in estrogen and progesterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure develops into the placenta during the early stages of embryonic development?

    <p>Trophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process follows the fusion of the nuclei of the sperm and oocyte?

    <p>Cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in the zygote after fertilization?

    <p>46 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biological characteristics define an individual's sex?

    <p>Reproductive organs and hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which terms correctly correspond to the concepts of sex and gender?

    <p>Female for sex, Woman for gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many gametes are produced when a single cell undergoes meiosis?

    <p>4 gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Sansa Stark's menarche is portrayed inaccurately in the depiction?

    <p>The volume of blood observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on semen volume during a vasectomy?

    <p>No noticeable change in volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of prenatal development?

    <p>About 9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the initial stages of pre-embryonic development?

    <p>Cleavage and Gastrulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what time frame does the embryonic stage occur?

    <p>Weeks 3-8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the end of the pre-embryonic stage?

    <p>Gastrulation completion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is responsible for producing and housing the ova in females?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure eventually leads to the formation of the clitoris in females?

    <p>Bud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the yolk sac during early development?

    <p>Produces the first blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures allows blood to bypass the lungs during fetal development?

    <p>Ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary germ layer contributes to the formation of the reproductive system?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ductus venosus become after birth?

    <p>Ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of labor does the muscle contraction first occur?

    <p>Dilation stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the allantois during fetal development?

    <p>Forms blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first structure that sperm contacts upon reaching the oocyte?

    <p>Corona radiata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the labia minora in females derived from during embryonic development?

    <p>Urogenital groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxytocin during the dilation stage of labor?

    <p>Initiates muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure that surrounds developing oocytes and changes as the follicle matures?

    <p>Granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase occurs immediately after ovulation in the female reproductive cycle?

    <p>Luteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the maturation of primordial follicles into primary follicles each month?

    <p>Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final form of an oocyte prior to fertilization?

    <p>Ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the uterine tubes, aiding in the movement of the oocyte?

    <p>Ciliated simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the remaining scar tissue when an egg does not get fertilized?

    <p>Corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

    <p>Stratum functionalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle layers are present in the vagina, allowing for contraction?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily produced by Leydig cells in males?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During male ejaculation, which structure closes to prevent urine escape?

    <p>Internal urethral sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System

    • The digestive system has seven functions: mechanical processing (e.g., chewing), digestion (using enzymes), secretion (releasing substances), absorption (bringing substances into the body), excretion (eliminating waste), and compaction (dehydrating and forming feces).
    • Accessory organs (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas) assist with movement, digestion, and processing of food
    • The gastrointestinal (GI) tract (≈20 ft. long) has multiple sections including the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (≈18 ft.), large intestine, rectum, and anus.
    • The GI tract has four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
    • The mucosa layer secretes mucus for lubrication and protection.
    • The submucosa layer is composed of areolar connective tissue, which contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.
    • The muscularis layer is made of smooth muscles for peristalsis and segmentation.
    • The serosa layer is a serous membrane for protection.
    • The peritoneum is the largest serous membrane in the body, with two layers (parietal and visceral).
    • The peritoneal cavity is the space between the parietal and visceral layers.

    Layers of the Digestive System

    • Mucosa: Innermost layer, composed of mucus membranes, and secretes mucus.
    • Submucosa: Middle layer of areolar connective tissue.
    • Muscularis: Middle layer, made of smooth muscles, used in segmentation and peristalsis.
    • Serosa: Outermost layer for protection, made of areolar connective tissue.

    Oral Cavity, Esophagus, Deglutition

    • The oral cavity (buccal cavity) includes the cheeks, lips, vestibule, soft and hard palate, uvula, tonsils, fauces, and salivary glands.
    • The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are parts of the pharynx.
    • The swallowing process (deglutition) includes three stages: voluntary, pharyngeal, and esophageal.

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    Digestive System Lecture Exam 4 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key functions and components of the digestive system, including the gastrointestinal tract, accessory organs, and the four layers of the GI tract. Test your understanding of how these parts work together for digestion and absorption.

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