Digestive System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five main activities in the digestive system?

  • Filtration (correct)
  • Elimination
  • Ingestion
  • Absorption

    • What is the primary function of the salivary glands in the digestive system?

  • Filtration of toxins
  • Secretion of saliva to begin digestion (correct)
  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Production of gastric juices

    • Which organ is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

  • Large intestine
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine (correct)
  • Stomach

    • What is the role of gastric juice in the digestive process?

    <p>To initiate protein digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the alimentary canal follows the mouth?

    <p>Oesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organs produces bile?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the rectum serve in the digestive system?

    <p>Expulsion of waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of digestion?

    <p>To convert food into energy and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue lines the digestive organs?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pancreatic lipase in lipid digestion?

    <p>It splits lipid molecules into fatty acids and glycerol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the digestive system?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is absorbed in the duodenum?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used for the absorption of amino acids and glucose in the digestive system?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile salts in lipid digestion?

    <p>To emulsify fat droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during mastication, ready for swallowing?

    <p>Bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assists in the formation of a bolus during mastication?

    <p>Saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What needs to be closed off before swallowing can occur?

    <p>Cardiac sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the smooth muscle found in the wall of the oesophagus?

    <p>Peristalsis for food movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions is NOT recognized in the stomach?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do parietal cells in the stomach secrete?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gastric rugae?

    <p>Accommodation of expansion when full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the gastric glands produce enzymes for protein digestion?

    <p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases hydrochloric acid secretion and stomach motility?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substances does the stomach absorb?

    <p>Some water and alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small intestine besides digestion?

    <p>Nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cholecystokinin play in the digestive process?

    <p>Stimulates the gall bladder to release bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are gallstones primarily composed of?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes bile?

    <p>Alkaline fluid that assists in fat digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of bile acids are reabsorbed in the ileum?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the pancreas from other glands?

    <p>It has both endocrine and exocrine functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile salts in the digestive system?

    <p>To emulsify fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ stores bile during the fasting state?

    <p>Gall bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when fat enters the duodenum?

    <p>Cholecystokinin is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the uvula during swallowing?

    <p>To block the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of salivary amylase in the mouth?

    <p>To start the digestion of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes peristalsis?

    <p>It is a rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the involuntary phase of swallowing?

    <p>The food entering the pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the oesophagus?

    <p>To transport the bolus to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salivary gland is responsible for producing the highest percentage of saliva?

    <p>Submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of taste buds in the digestive process?

    <p>To detect potentially harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does segmentation differ from peristalsis?

    <p>Segmentation has no backward movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed in the mouth after food is thoroughly chewed?

    <p>Bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pairing of salivary glands and their saliva contribution percentage is correct?

    <p>Submandibular: 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System Overview

    • The digestive system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food.
    • There are five main activities in digestion: ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
    • The alimentary canal is the main part of the digestive system, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus.

    Organs of Digestion

    • Mouth: where mechanical and chemical digestion begins, chewing and saliva breakdown food.
      • Contains salivary glands:
        • Submandibular (70% of saliva), Sublingual (5% of saliva), Parotid (25% of saliva)
      • Saliva contains enzymes for breaking down carbohydrates and lubricating food for swallowing.
    • Oesophagus: a muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.
      • Contains smooth muscles that contract to move food down by peristalsis.
    • Stomach: a hollow muscular organ, stores and mixes food with gastric juices.
      • Contains gastric glands that secret gastric juice:
        • Parietal cells: produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) for protein denaturation.
        • Chief cells: produce pepsin for protein digestion.
        • Mucus cells: produce mucus to protect the stomach lining from HCl.
      • Gastric juice also contains hormones like gastrin for regulating digestion.
      • The stomach absorbs water, lipids, caffeine, and alcohol.
    • Small intestine: the primary site for digestion and absorption.
      • Contains enzymes for further breaking down food:
        • Pancreatic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase) for protein digestion.
        • Pancreatic lipase for lipid digestions.
      • Bile from the gall bladder emulsifies fats for better digestion.
      • Absorbs most nutrients, such as amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol.
    • Large intestine: primarily absorbs water, creating solid waste.
      • Absorbs some vitamins and minerals.
      • Eliminates waste through the anus.

    Accessory Organs

    • Liver: the largest solid organ in the body, produces bile for fat digestion.
      • Filters blood from the digestive system.
      • Plays a role in processing nutrients and detoxification.
    • Gall bladder: stores and concentrates bile, releases it into the duodenum when needed.
    • Pancreas: produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin and glucagon.
      • Secretes digestive enzymes that help digest fats, starches, and proteins.
      • Regulates blood sugar levels.

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    The Digestive System - Biomedical Science PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the digestive system, focusing on its functions and key organs. You will learn about processes such as ingestion, digestion, and absorption while discovering the roles of various organs like the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. Test your knowledge on how food travels through the digestive tract and the associated digestive processes.

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