30 Questions
What is the function of the Myenteric plexus in the alimentary canal?
Regulating digestive secretions
Which layer of the stomach is described as being most superficial and located inside the abdominal cavity?
Serosa
What is the function of the Parasympathetic nerves in the alimentary canal?
Increase GI secretion
Which nervous system runs from the esophagus to the anus, divided into Myenteric and submucosal plexuses?
Enteric nervous system
What is the primary role of the Parietal peritoneum in relation to the abdominal cavity?
Lines the abdominal wall
During resting and digesting, what percentage of blood pumped enters arteries serving the intestines?
25%
What is the purpose of the mucosal barrier in the stomach?
To protect the stomach wall from the acidic environment
Which of the following is a key function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
It breaks down protein
What is the main reason for the development of stomach ulcers?
Damage to the mucosal barrier by NSAIDs or H. pylori infection
Which of the following is the correct order of food emptying from the stomach?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
What is the primary function of intrinsic factor secreted in the stomach?
To produce red blood cells and support neurological function
What is the main purpose of the mixing waves in the stomach?
To create chyme by mixing the food with digestive enzymes
What causes methane gas in the digestive system?
Bacteria breaking down indigestible sugars
What is the main function of hepatocytes in the liver?
Produce and process bile
What is the role of the Valsalva maneuver in defecation?
Increases intra-abdominal pressure
What is the function of bile in the digestive system?
Emulsify lipids
What happens if delayed defecation occurs for too long?
Increased water absorption leading to constipation
Which organ stores extra bile in the human body?
Gallbladder
Which part of the large intestine is connected to the ileum?
Cecum
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Formation of feces and elimination of waste
Which of the following statements about the bacterial flora in the large intestine is NOT true?
They are pathogenic and cause disease
What is the role of the appendix in the large intestine?
It is a reservoir for enteric bacteria
Which of the following movements occurs approximately 3-4 times per day in the large intestine?
Mass movement
What is the role of fiber in the large intestine?
It softens the stool and increases contraction power
What is the main function of the pancreatic juice?
All of the above
What is the main function of the gallbladder?
To store, concentrate, and propel bile into the duodenum
Which of the following best describes the process of carbohydrate digestion?
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and is completed in the small intestine by pancreatic amylase
What is the main purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in the context of mineral absorption?
To absorb and balance electrolytes
How are lipids (fats) broken down and absorbed in the small intestine?
Lipids are broken down by pancreatic lipase, and the resulting free fatty acids and monoglycerides are enclosed in micelles for absorption
What is the primary fate of iron that is not immediately needed for absorption?
It is stored bound to ferritin in intestinal epithelial cells
This quiz covers the nerve supply of the digestive system, including the enteric nervous system's plexuses, myenteric plexus for motility, submucosal plexus for regulating digestive secretions, and the extrinsic innervation by the autonomic nervous system. It also touches on functions like giving food taste and allowing you to feel food.
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