Questions and Answers
What is the function of the esophagus?
Extends from pharynx through diaphragm to stomach and consists of smooth muscles at area close to stomach.
What is the primary role of the small intestine?
Nutrient absorption.
What role does the duodenum play in digestion?
Inhibits acid secretion in the stomach by short reflexes through the enteric system and by long reflexes involving sympathetic and vagus nerve.
Where is the jejunum located and what happens there?
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What is the primary function of the ileum?
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What is the function of the stomach?
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What does the liver produce?
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What is the function of the gallbladder?
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What does the pancreas do?
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What do salivary glands produce?
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What are the main functions of the large intestine?
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What role does the rectum play in digestion?
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What is the main function of the mouth (oral cavity)?
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What enzyme does the salivary gland produce in the saliva?
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What do carbohydrates (CHO) breakdown by amylase?
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Study Notes
Esophagus
- Connects pharynx to stomach, passes through diaphragm.
- Composed of smooth muscle near the stomach.
Small Intestine
- Main site for nutrient absorption.
- Enzymes from columnar epithelial cells, pancreas, and liver aid in digestion.
Duodenum
- Regulates acid secretion from the stomach via short and long reflexes.
- Involves the enteric nervous system and the vagus nerve.
Jejunum
- Located in the small intestine.
- Primary area for nutrient absorption.
Ileum
- Terminal section of the small intestine.
- Reabsorbs bile salts to return them to the liver.
Stomach
- Key location for food breakdown with gastric glands.
- Secretes hydrochloric acid (HCL), intrinsic factor, pepsinogen, and mucus for protection.
Liver
- Largest internal organ, produces bile for fat emulsification.
Gallbladder
- Stores bile until required for digestion.
Pancreas
- Produces hydrolytic digestive enzymes released into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct.
Salivary Glands
- Produce saliva that contains mucin and salivary amylase.
- Amylase aids in breaking down starch into disaccharides.
Large Intestine
- Responsible for water absorption and fecal propulsion toward the anus.
- Hosts bacteria that produce Vitamin K and B5; serves as waste storage.
Rectum
- Contains three rectal valves that prevent simultaneous passage of feces and gas.
Mouth (Oral Cavity)
- Initiates food breakdown through mechanical and chemical means.
- Secretes salivary amylase to begin digestion of carbohydrates.
Mucin & Amylase
- Salivary glands produce mucin and amylase in saliva for digestion.
Carbohydrates (CHO)
- Salivary amylase targets carbohydrates, breaking them down into simpler sugars.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the human digestive system with this labeling quiz. Identify key components such as the esophagus, small intestine, and duodenum, and understand their functions in the digestion process. Perfect for biology students learning about human anatomy.
