Digestive System: Ingestion and Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is ingestion?

The act of eating food.

What is the alimentary canal?

Tube from mouth to anus for digestion.

What is splanchnic circulation?

Blood supply to digestive organs.

What is the hepatic portal system?

<p>Carries blood from digestive organs to liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peritoneum?

<p>Membrane lining abdominal cavity and organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does retroperitoneal mean?

<p>Location behind the peritoneum; includes certain organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the stimuli of digestive activity?

<p>Nerve signals and hormones regulating digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mucosa?

<p>Innermost layer of the alimentary canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscularis?

<p>Layer responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tongue in digestion?

<p>Muscle aiding in food manipulation and swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the salivary glands produce?

<p>Produce saliva for digestion and lubrication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is saliva?

<p>Fluid containing enzymes and electrolytes aiding digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mastication?

<p>Chewing process that breaks down food mechanically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are deciduous teeth?

<p>Temporary teeth, also known as baby teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is permanent dentition?

<p>Adult teeth that replace deciduous teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dental formula?

<p>Representation of types and numbers of teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are incisors used for?

<p>Teeth used for cutting food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of canines?

<p>Teeth that tear or pierce food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are premolars used for?

<p>Teeth used for crushing and grinding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the buccal phase of swallowing?

<p>Voluntary phase of swallowing in the mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

<p>Involuntary phase of swallowing through the pharynx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chyme?

<p>Semi-liquid food mixture entering the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) in digestion?

<p>Acid in stomach that denatures proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pepsin?

<p>Enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intrinsic factor?

<p>Essential for vitamin B12 absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gastric juice?

<p>Fluid containing HCl, pepsinogen, and mucus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do gastric glands secrete?

<p>Secrete components of gastric juice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do chief cells secrete?

<p>Secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do parietal cells secrete?

<p>Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?

<p>Secrete hormones affecting digestive processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ingestion

The act of taking food into the body by mouth.

Alimentary Canal

The continuous tube from mouth to anus where digestion occurs.

Splanchnic Circulation

The blood supply to the digestive organs.

Hepatic Portal System

Carries nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs to the liver for processing.

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Peritoneum

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs.

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Retroperitoneal

Located behind the peritoneum, against the posterior abdominal wall.

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Stimuli of Digestive Activity

Nerve signals and hormones that stimulate or inhibit digestive activity.

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Mucosa

Innermost layer of the alimentary canal, responsible for absorption and secretion.

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Submucosa

Connective tissue layer of the alimentary canal containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.

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Muscularis

Layer of the alimentary canal responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.

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Serosa

Outermost layer of the alimentary canal, providing protection.

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Tongue

A muscular organ that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing.

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Salivary Glands

Glands producing saliva to aid in digestion and lubrication of food.

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Saliva

Fluid containing enzymes and electrolytes that initiate chemical digestion in the mouth.

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Mastication

The process of chewing, which breaks down food into smaller pieces.

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Deciduous Teeth

Temporary set of teeth that erupt in childhood.

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Permanent Dentition

The set of 32 adult teeth that replace the baby teeth.

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Dental Formula

A shorthand method of describing the number and arrangement of teeth.

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Incisors

The front teeth, used primarily for cutting food.

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Canines

Pointed teeth used for tearing or piercing food.

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Premolars

Teeth used for crushing and grinding food, located between the canines and molars.

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Molars

The largest teeth, used for grinding food in the back of the mouth.

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Buccal Phase

The voluntary stage of swallowing, where food is pushed into the pharynx.

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Pharyngeal Phase

The involuntary phase of swallowing, moving food through the pharynx and esophagus.

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Chyme

The semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions in the stomach.

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Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

A strong acid produced by the stomach to denature proteins and kill bacteria.

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Pepsin

An enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.

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Intrinsic Factor

A substance produced by the stomach that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.

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Gastric Juice

The acidic fluid secreted by the stomach glands, containing hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, and mucus.

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Gastric Glands

Glands in the stomach lining that secrete gastric juice.

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Study Notes

  • Ingestion refers to the act of eating food.
  • The alimentary canal is the digestive tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
  • Splanchnic circulation supplies blood to the digestive organs.
  • The hepatic portal system carries blood from digestive organs to the liver.
  • The peritoneum is the membrane lining the abdominal cavity and organs.
  • Retroperitoneal indicates a location behind the peritoneum, including certain organs.
  • Nerve signals and hormones regulate digestive activity.
  • The mucosa is the alimentary canal's innermost layer.
  • The submucosa is connective tissue containing blood vessels.
  • The muscularis is the layer responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.
  • The serosa is the alimentary canal's outer layer.
  • The tongue is a muscle that helps manipulate food and swallow.
  • Salivary glands produce saliva for digestion and lubrication.
  • Saliva is a fluid with enzymes and electrolytes, aiding digestion.
  • Mastication is the chewing process that breaks down food mechanically.
  • Deciduous teeth refer to temporary teeth or baby teeth.
  • Permanent dentition indicates adult teeth that replace deciduous teeth.
  • The dental formula is a representation of the types and numbers of teeth.
  • Incisors are teeth used for cutting food.
  • Canines are teeth used to tear or pierce food.
  • Premolars are teeth used for crushing and grinding food.
  • Molars are teeth used for grinding food.
  • The buccal phase is the voluntary phase of swallowing that occurs in the mouth.
  • The pharyngeal phase is the involuntary phase of swallowing through the pharynx.
  • Chyme is the semi-liquid food mixture that enters the small intestine.
  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an acid in the stomach that denatures proteins.
  • Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach.
  • Intrinsic factor is essential for vitamin B12 absorption.
  • Gastric juice is fluid containing HCl, pepsinogen, and mucus.
  • Gastric glands secrete components of gastric juice.
  • Chief cells secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase.
  • Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
  • Enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones affecting digestive processes.

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Description

Overview of the digestive system, focusing on ingestion, the alimentary canal, and related anatomical structures. Includes splanchnic circulation, the hepatic portal system, and the peritoneum. Also covers the layers of the alimentary canal and the roles of the tongue and salivary glands.

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