Digestive System Functions and Anatomy

Microvilli, Villi, and Circular Folds

<p>Digests fats using lipases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buccal, Pharyngeal, Esophogeal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (B), Nucleic Acids (C), Lipids (D), Carbohydrates (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete digestion of starch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat-loss and heat-promotion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilocalorie (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycogenesis = Glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver Glycogenolysis = Glucose is released from the liver after conversion from glycogen Gluconeogenesis = Glucose is produced from fats and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce teniae coli which causes the wall to pucker into haustra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appendicitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of taking food into the mouth.

The breakdown of food into smaller molecules, both physically and chemically.

The movement of nutrients from the digestive system into the bloodstream.

The elimination of indigestible waste from the body through the anus.

The continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus, responsible for digestion and waste elimination. Includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

Organs that aid in digestion but are not part of the alimentary canal. Examples include teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

The space inside the alimentary canal where food travels through.

The innermost layer of the alimentary canal, made of epithelial cells, connective tissue, and a smooth muscle layer.

The layer of connective tissue just beneath the mucosa, containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tissue.

Outer layer of smooth muscle in the alimentary canal, composed of circular and longitudinal layers. Responsible for peristalsis.

The outermost layer of the alimentary canal, composed of fluid-producing cells. Includes the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs, and the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity.

The wave-like contractions of smooth muscle that propels food through the alimentary canal.

A type of propulsion in the small intestine where food is moved back and forth, aiding in mixing with digestive juices.

The opening at the back of the mouth that connects to the esophagus and trachea.

The muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach, transporting food by peristalsis.

A muscular ring that controls the opening between the esophagus and the stomach, preventing food from backing up into the esophagus.

The J-shaped organ located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, where food is temporarily stored and chemically broken down.

The muscular ring that controls the opening between the stomach and the small intestine, releasing chyme into the duodenum.

The processed food mixture that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

The first section of the small intestine, attached to the stomach. It receives chyme from the stomach and begins the digestion of fats and proteins.

The middle section of the small intestine, responsible for absorbing nutrients.

The final section of the small intestine, connecting to the large intestine. It absorbs water, electrolytes, and remaining nutrients.

Microscopic projections on the surface of the small intestine cells, increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption.

Finger-like projections of the mucosa in the small intestine, increasing surface area for nutrient absorption.

Deep folds of mucosa and submucosa in the small intestine, increasing surface area for nutrient absorption.

The sac-like first part of the large intestine, where the appendix is attached.

A small, finger-like projection extending from the cecum, containing lymphatic tissue.

The main part of the large intestine, responsible for water absorption and waste formation. Composed of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon.

The last section of the large intestine, located in the pelvis, where waste is stored before defecation.

The final canal of the digestive system, connecting the rectum to the anus. It contains internal and external sphincters that control defecation.

The opening at the end of the digestive system, through which waste is eliminated.

The process of swallowing, involving the buccal and pharyngeal-esophageal phases.

The hormone released from the stomach in response to food or rising pH, which stimulates the production of gastric juices.

The process of breaking down food into smaller particles, primarily by chewing and churning.

The process of chemically breaking down food molecules into smaller units using enzymes.

A major gland located on the right side of the abdomen, under the diaphragm. It produces bile, which aids in fat digestion.

A fluid produced by the liver, which emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets for easier digestion.

A small sac located in the hollow fossa of the liver, where bile is stored and concentrated.

A gland located posterior to the stomach, producing digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin and glucagon.

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by lowering them.

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by raising them.

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy (ATP). It involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

The initial stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm. Glucose is split into two pyruvic acid molecules, yielding a small amount of ATP.

A series of reactions occurring in the mitochondria, where pyruvic acid is further broken down to CO2, generating a small amount of ATP and electron carriers.

A chain of protein carriers embedded in the mitochondrial membrane, where electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to generate ATP. It is the primary source of ATP production.